Production of food bodies on the reproductive organs of myrmecophytic Maoaranga species (Euphorbiaceae): effects on interactions with herbivores and pollinators
Production of food bodies on the reproductive organs of myrmecophytic Maoaranga species (Euphorbiaceae): effects on interactions with herbivores and pollinators
复制标题
密生植物毛阿兰加物种（大戟科）生殖器官的食物体生产：对食草动物和传粉者相互作用的影响
DOI：
10.1111/1442-1984.12015
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Shoko Sakai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eri Yamasaki,Yoko lnui;Shoko Sakai
在保护性的蚂蚁-植物互惠关系中，植物为蚂蚁提供食物(如花外花蜜和/或食物体)，蚂蚁保护植物免受食草动物的伤害。然而，蚂蚁经常通过阻止传粉者对植物繁殖产生负面影响。与被蚂蚁兼性保护的植物物种相比，互惠蚂蚁对一些真菌提供的侵略性保护可能会增强这种负面影响。由于人们对寄生植物在蚂蚁守卫在场的情况下授粉的过程知之甚少，我们研究了蚂蚁与植食性动物和传粉者在植物生殖器官上的相互作用。我们研究了婆罗洲的8种桃金娘和3种非桃金娘。所研究的大多数物种都是通过在花序中繁殖的蓟马授粉的。8种担子植物中有7种在幼嫩的花序和/或未成熟的果实上产生食体。食体产量与观察到的三个物种花序上蚂蚁丰度的增加有关。在没有食物奖励的情况下，将蚂蚁排除在一个物种的花序中会导致食草性损害的增加。相反，排除蚂蚁对授粉蓟马的数量没有影响。蚂蚁缺乏对蓟马传粉者的威慑可能是因为存在保护性的小苞片，限制蚂蚁而不是传粉者接近花朵。这种独特的机制可能解释了蓟马授粉和蚂蚁防御花序的同时发生。
In protective ant–plant mutualisms, plants offer ants food (such as extrafloral nectar and/or food bodies) and ants protect plants from herbivores. However, ants often negatively affect plant reproduction by deterring pollinators. The aggressive protection that mutualistic ants provide to some myrmecophytes may enhance this negative effect in comparison to plant species that are facultatively protected by ants. Because little is known about the processes by which myrmecophytes are pollinated in the presence of ant guards, we examined ant interactions with herbivores and pollinators on plant reproductive organs. We examined eight myrmecophytic and three nonmyrmecophyticMacarangaspecies in Borneo. Most of the species studied are pollinated by thrips breeding in the inflorescences. Seven of eight myrmecophytic species produced food bodies on young inflorescences and/or immature fruits. Food body production was associated with increased ant abundance on inflorescences of the three species observed. The exclusion of ants from inflorescences of one species without food rewards resulted in increased herbivory damage. In contrast, ant exclusion had no effect on the number of pollinator thrips. The absence of thrips pollinator deterrence by ants may be due to the presence of protective bracteoles that limit ants, but not pollinators, from accessing flowers. This unique mechanism may account for simultaneous thrips pollination and ant defense of inflorescences.