Genomic regulation of transcription and RNA processing by the multitasking Integrator complex.

Genomic regulation of transcription and RNA processing by the multitasking Integrator complex.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41580-022-00534-2
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发表时间:
2023-03
期刊:
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
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在高等真核生物中,蛋白质编码基因和许多非编码RNA (ncRNAs)的精细激活围绕RNA聚合酶II (Pol II)的调节活性展开。整合者复合体是唯一与Pol ii相关的大型多蛋白复合体,是后生动物特异性的,因此多年来一直未得到充分研究。Integrator包含至少14个子单元,这些子单元被分组为不同的功能模块。核心催化模块的磷酸二酯酶活性共转录针对几种RNA物种,包括长链非编码RNA (lncRNAs), U小核RNA (U snrna), piwi相互作用RNA (piRNAs),增强子RNA (eRNAs)和新生的pre- mrna。整合子对ncrna的加工对其生物发生至关重要,在蛋白质编码基因中,整合子是Pol II启动子近端暂停和转录延伸的关键调节剂。最近的研究已经确定了一个整合子特异性蛋白磷酸酶2A (PP2A)模块,其靶向Pol II和基础转录机制的其他成分。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了整合子的活性如何调节转录、RNA加工、染色质景观和DNA修复。我们还讨论了整合子在发展和肿瘤发生中的不同作用。
In higher eukaryotes, fine-tuned activation of protein-coding genes and many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) pivots around the regulated activity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The Integrator complex is the only Pol II-associated large multi-protein complex that is metazoan-specific and has therefore been understudied for years. Integrator comprises at least 14 subunits, which are grouped into distinct functional modules. The phosphodiesterase activity of the core catalytic module is co-transcriptionally directed against several RNA species, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), U small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), and nascent pre-mRNAs. Processing of ncRNAs by Integrator is essential for their biogenesis, and at protein-coding genes Integrator is a key modulator of Pol II promoter-proximal pausing and transcript elongation. Recent studies have identified an Integrator-specific protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) module, which targets Pol II and other components of the basal transcription machinery. In this Review, we discuss how the activity of Integrator regulates transcription, RNA processing, chromatin landscape, and DNA repair. We also discuss the diverse roles of Integrator in development and tumorigenesis.
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