Prosper or perish? The development of Icelandic fishing villages after the privatisation of fishing rights
Prosper or perish? The development of Icelandic fishing villages after the privatisation of fishing rights
复制标题
繁荣还是灭亡？
DOI：
10.1007/s40152-018-0089-5
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
K. Benediktsson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matthias Kokorsch;K. Benediktsson
1990年，冰岛的鱼类资源进行了私有化，当时现有的捕捞配额完全可以转让。自那以后，该国的个人可转让配额制度一直被视为可持续渔业的典范。这可能适用于生态和大多数经济问题，但对于一个真正可持续的渔业管理系统，也必须解决社会影响问题。本文从空间和社会的角度评价冰岛渔业管理的绩效。理论框架源于复原力和脆弱性的概念。通过聚类和相关分析，不同的冰岛渔业社区自1990年以来的发展轨迹。结果显示在地图上。尽管渔业不再是该国最大的经济部门，但许多偏远小定居点的生计与渔业密切相关。渔业部门已经合并，农村人口向城市的移徙仍在继续。就2014年当地渔业状况而言，大多数沿海社区可被列为脆弱社区。在人口发展方面，2014年弱势群体的数量明显高于1990年代初。
Icelandic fish stocks underwent privatisation in 1990, when existing fishing quotas were made fully transferable. The country’s system of individual transferable quotas has since been held up as a paragon of virtue for sustainable fisheries. This might be valid for ecological and most economic concerns, but for a truly sustainable fisheries management system the question of social impacts has to be addressed as well. This paper evaluates the performance of Icelandic fisheries management from a spatial and social point of view. The theoretical framing stems from the concepts of resilience and vulnerability. Through cluster and correlation analyses, different development trajectories of Icelandic fishing communities since 1990 are revealed. The results are presented on maps. Even though it is no longer the country’s largest economic sector, the livelihood of many small and remote settlements is strongly connected to the fisheries. Consolidation has taken place in the fisheries and rural-to-urban migration has continued. The majority of coastal communities can be classified as vulnerable, regarding the status of the local fishing industry in 2014. Regarding demographic development, the number of vulnerable communities was significantly higher in 2014 than it was at the early 1990s.