Endogenous Rhythms of Seasonal Migratory Body Mass Changes and Nocturnal Restlessness in Different Populations of Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe
Endogenous Rhythms of Seasonal Migratory Body Mass Changes and Nocturnal Restlessness in Different Populations of Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe
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DOI：
10.1177/0748730410373442
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Bairlein, Franz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maggini, Ivan;Bairlein, Franz
北方麦穗鸟（Oenanthe oenanthe）是一种候鸟，在种群之间表现出不同的迁移策略，以科普不同的生态障碍。这就提出了一个问题，这些适应是否以及在多大程度上是内生决定的。我们研究了来自冰岛的小麦鸟的体重变化和夜间躁动的季节性模式，这些小麦鸟最初要穿越至少800公里的海域;来自挪威的小麦鸟飞行距离与冰岛鸟类相似，但没有长时间的海上穿越;来自摩洛哥的小麦鸟飞行距离较短，可以到达越冬地。为了分离这些迁移性状的调节的内源性成分，我们将小麦保持在一个“共同的花园”中，所有3个种群在其生命的第一年经历相同的环境条件和恒定的光周期。冰岛鸟在秋季的体质量增长幅度大于其他两个种群，表明冰岛鸟在为跨越屏障做准备。秋季夜间躁动的时间和秋季的总活动有关的距离覆盖，虽然人口之间的差异小于预期。在所有3个群体中，秋季体重增加的程度大于春季，而夜间活动在春季高于秋季。这表明，内源性程序响应特定的季节性需求，在秋季投入更多的时间储存燃料以确保安全旅行，并在早春投入更多的时间飞行以到达繁殖地。与预期相反，春季体重增加和夜间躁动的发病时间在人群之间没有差异。这可能是由于缺乏外部线索，最有可能的光周期，这是负责微调的表达迁移行为。
The Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) is a migratory bird species that shows different strategies of migration between populations, adapted to cope with different ecological barriers. This raises the question whether and to which extent these adaptations are endogenously determined. We studied seasonal patterns of body mass change and nocturnal restlessness in wheatears from Iceland, which face an initial sea crossing of at least 800 km; from Norway, which fly a similar distance as Icelandic birds but without a long sea crossing; and from Morocco, which fly a shorter distance to reach their wintering grounds. To isolate the endogenous component of the regulation of these migratory traits, we kept the wheatears in a "common garden," all 3 populations experiencing the same environmental conditions and a constant photoperiod during their first year of life. Icelandic birds showed a greater increase of their body mass in autumn than the other 2 populations, indicating preparation for the initial barrier crossing. The autumnal timing of nocturnal restlessness and the total activity during autumn were related to the distance to be covered, although the differences between populations were smaller than expected. In all 3 populations, body mass increased to a greater extent in autumn than in spring, whereas nocturnal activity was higher in spring than in autumn. This suggests that the endogenous program responds to specific seasonal needs, with more time invested in storing fuel for a safe journey in autumn and more time invested in flying to reach the breeding grounds early in spring. Contrary to expectations, the timing of onset of body mass increase and nocturnal restlessness in spring did not differ between populations. This might be explained by the lack of external cues, most likely photoperiod, which are responsible for the fine tuning of the expression of migratory behavior.