Working Toward the Experimenter: Reconceptualizing Obedience Within the Milgram Paradigm as Identification-Based Followership
Working Toward the Experimenter: Reconceptualizing Obedience Within the Milgram Paradigm as Identification-Based Followership
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691612448482
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
Smith, Joanne R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reicher, Stephen D.;Haslam, S. Alexander;Smith, Joanne R.
米尔格拉姆的服从范式中的参与者的行为通常被理解为产生于将责任让给权威人士并因此服从他们的倾向。这与一种信念相对应，即残暴通常源于对角色的被动顺从。然而，最近的历史和社会心理学研究表明，暴政的代理人积极认同他们的领导者，并有动力在他们认为领导者希望实现的目标中表现出创造性的追随者身份。这种分析为重新解释米尔格拉姆参与者的行为提供了基础。它得到了一系列材料的支持，包括证据表明，参与者在米尔格拉姆范式中管理450伏电击的意愿发生了显着变化，但可以预见的是，作为实验变量的函数，参与者对他所代表的实验者和科学界或学习者和他所代表的一般社区的认同。这种重新解释也鼓励我们不要把米尔格拉姆的研究看作是顺从或服从的示范，而是探索基于社会身份的领导力，以诱导积极和坚定的追随者。
The behavior of participants within Milgram's obedience paradigm is commonly understood to arise from the propensity to cede responsibility to those in authority and hence to obey them. This parallels a belief that brutality in general arises from passive conformity to roles. However, recent historical and social psychological research suggests that agents of tyranny actively identify with their leaders and are motivated to display creative followership in working toward goals that they believe those leaders wish to see fulfilled. Such analysis provides the basis for reinterpreting the behavior of Milgram's participants. It is supported by a range of material, including evidence that the willingness of participants to administer 450-volt shocks within the Milgram paradigm changes dramatically, but predictably, as a function of experimental variations that condition participants' identification with either the experimenter and the scientific community that he represents or the learner and the general community that he represents. This reinterpretation also encourages us to see Milgram's studies not as demonstrations of conformity or obedience, but as explorations of the power of social identity-based leadership to induce active and committed followership.