Extended lifespan and overlapping of generations in a gall-forming social aphid, Quadrartus yoshinomiyai
Extended lifespan and overlapping of generations in a gall-forming social aphid, Quadrartus yoshinomiyai
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形成瘿的社会性蚜虫 Quadrartus yoshinomiyai 的寿命延长和世代重叠
DOI：
10.1007/s00040-018-0604-0
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Harunobu Shibao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keigo Uematsu;Harunobu Shibao
社会性和延长寿命之间的进化关系已经在许多分类群中进行了研究。我们调查了季节性的人口动态和个人寿命在一个胆形成的社会蚜虫，Quadrartus yoshinomiyai，其无翅的成年人保卫殖民地后停止繁殖。该物种的虫瘿完全闭合超过一年，这有利于监测天然虫瘿中的蚜虫死亡率。虫瘿在冬季之前出生，四月形成虫瘿，一直存活到十二月，这表明它们可以存活一年。第二代无翅成虫出生于第一年的5月或6月，存活于第二年的3月或4月采集的成熟虫瘿中。形态测量分析显示，在一个成熟的瘿重叠的三代，第二代无翅成人的附属物小于第三代无翅成人。我们的研究结果表明，延长的寿命，有利于在一个完全封闭的胆囊，外在死亡率非常低，促进世代重叠和生殖后殖民地防御的无翅成人。如果传染病在完全封闭的空间中潜在的快速传播所造成的死亡成本超过了没有生殖的生活成本，那么延长生殖后的寿命也可能是有利的。
The evolutionary relationship between sociality and extended lifespan has been studied in many taxa. We investigated the seasonal population dynamics and individual lifespan in a gall-forming social aphid,Quadrartus yoshinomiyai, whose wingless adults defend the colony after ceasing reproduction. The galls of this species are completely closed for over a year, which facilitates monitoring aphid mortality rates in natural galls. Gall foundresses, which were born before winter and formed galls in April, were alive until December, indicating that they can survive for a year. The second-generation wingless adults, born in May or June of the first year, were alive in mature galls collected in March or April of the second year. Morphometric analysis revealed an overlap of three generations in a mature gall; the appendages of the second-generation wingless adults were smaller than those of the third-generation wingless adults. Our results suggest that the extended lifespan, favored in a completely closed gall where extrinsic mortality is very low, promotes the overlap of generations and post-reproductive colony defense by the wingless adults. An extended post-reproductive lifespan might also be favored if the cost of death by the potentially rapid spread of infectious diseases in the completely closed space exceeds the cost of living without reproduction.