Age at Onset of Declarative Gestures and 24-Month Expressive Vocabulary Predict Later Language and Intellectual Abilities in Young Children With Williams Syndrome
Age at Onset of Declarative Gestures and 24-Month Expressive Vocabulary Predict Later Language and Intellectual Abilities in Young Children With Williams Syndrome
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02648
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发表时间：
2019-12-03
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Mervis, Carolyn B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becerra, Angela M.;Mervis, Carolyn B.
工作背景：关于一般人群中儿童的早期语言习得文献中最一致的发现之一是，陈述性指向手势的出现先于表达性指称语言的出现。此外，早期使用陈述性手势的频率比早期词汇量更能预测后期词汇发展。这些研究结果表明，早期的声明性手势可能在以后的语言发展中起着关键的促进作用。为了评估这些发现的普遍性，我们测试了儿童威廉姆斯综合征（WS），一种遗传性疾病与语言和沟通的手势delay.Method：参与者是47名儿童与经典长度WS缺失。陈述性展示和点的发病年龄由MacArthur-Bates沟通发展量表（CDI）：单词和手势的父母报告确定。表达的词汇量在发病时，这些手势，第一个参考表达词，24个月，48个月和语法复杂性在48个月的CDI：单词和句子的父母报告确定。接受和表达的词汇和整体智力在48个月进行了测量，使用标准化assessment.Results：在对比以前的研究结果为儿童在一般人群中，大多数儿童与WS开始产生参考语言几个月前，他们产生的声明点。一系列的多元回归分析表明，年龄在发病的陈述点和表达词汇量在24个月作出了显着的独立贡献的词汇，语法和整体智力能力的个体差异在48个月。同样的调查结果为典型的发展中国家的儿童和儿童与其他发展障碍，在声明性的手势措施的个体差异占48个月的词汇能力比早期表达词汇size.Discussion的差异相当大：过渡从语言前的沟通，以初始参考语言并不依赖于发病的能力，使用声明点。然而，一个孩子已经产生的陈述点的时间长度是一个更好的预测比早期表达词汇以后的词汇能力。因此，尽管早期的分歧，从典型的语言发展的道路，WS儿童的道路重新收敛与典型的发展儿童和儿童与其他发展障碍。
Background: One of the most consistent findings in the early language acquisition literature regarding children in the general population is that the onset of declarative pointing gestures precedes the onset of expressive referential language. Furthermore, frequency of early use of declarative gestures is a stronger predictor of later lexical development than early vocabulary size. These findings suggest that early declarative gestures may play a critical facilitative role in later language development. To evaluate the universality of these findings, we tested children with Williams syndrome (WS), a genetic disorder associated with both language and communicative gesture delay.Method: Participants were 47 children with classic-length WS deletions. Age of onset of declarative show and point were determined by parental report on the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI): Words and Gestures. Expressive vocabulary size at onset of these gestures, first referential expressive word, 24 months, and 48 months and grammatical complexity at 48 months were determined by parental report on the CDI: Words and Sentences. Receptive and expressive vocabulary and overall intellectual ability at 48 months were measured using standardized assessments.Results: In contrast to previous findings for children in the general population, most children with WS began to produce referential language several months before they produced declarative point. A series of multiple regressions indicated that both age at onset of declarative point and expressive vocabulary size at 24 months made significant independent contributions to individual differences in lexical, grammatical, and overall intellectual ability at 48 months. Similarly to the findings for typically developing children and children with other developmental disabilities, individual differences in the declarative gesture measure accounted for considerably more variance in 48-month lexical ability than early expressive vocabulary size.Discussion: The transition from prelinguistic communication to initial referential language does not depend on the onset of the ability to use declarative point. Nevertheless, the length of time that a child has been producing declarative point was a better predictor than early expressive vocabulary of later lexical abilities. Thus, despite the earlier divergence in their path to language development from the typical one, the path for children with WS re-converges with that for typically developing children and children with other developmental disabilities.