TOOL USE AND TOOL MAKING IN WILD CHIMPANZEES
TOOL USE AND TOOL MAKING IN WILD CHIMPANZEES
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DOI：
10.1159/000156428
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
BOESCH, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BOESCH, C;BOESCH, H
据报道，三个野生黑猩猩种群使用工具和制造工具的发生率从Mahale(分别为12和3种使用和制造)、Gombe(16和3种)到TAI(19和6种)增加。所有三个地点都普遍使用和准备棍子。然而，泰黑猩猩在使用这种材料之前似乎会对其进行更多的修改。它们也是唯一一种用工具敲打物体，并结合两种不同工具使用来获得一种食物的黑猩猩。工具制造是丰富材料(草、树枝)的规则，但对于稀缺、坚硬的材料(棍棒、石头)似乎更稀有。讨论了黑猩猩获取工具的因素和工具使用的好处，以及影响工具制造频率和复杂性的因素。
Reported incidences of tool use and tool making for three wild chimpanzee populations increase from Mahale (12 and 3 types of use and making, respectively), Gombe (16 and 3) to Tai (19 and 6). Sticks are commonly used and prepared at all three sites. However, Tai chimpanzees seem to perform more modifications on the material before using it. They are also the only chimpanzees seen to pound objects with tools and to combine two different tool uses to get access to one food item. Tool making is the rule for abundant material (grass, twigs), but appears to be rarer for scarce, hard material (clubs, stones). Factors involved in the acquisition and the benefit of tool use are discussed along with factors affecting the frequency and complexity of tool making in chimpanzees.