Evolution of the innate and adaptive immune systems: relationships between potential immune molecules in the lowest metazoan phylum (Porifera) and those in vertebrates.
Evolution of the innate and adaptive immune systems: relationships between potential immune molecules in the lowest metazoan phylum (Porifera) and those in vertebrates.
复制标题
先天性和适应性免疫系统的进化：最低后生动物门（多孔菌）和脊椎动物中潜在免疫分子之间的关系。
作者：
W. Müller;B. Blumbach;I. Müller
Porifera(海绵)是后生动物中最低的一门，与其他后生动物有共同的祖先。在目前的研究中，据报道，海绵拥有的分子在结构上与哺乳动物免疫系统中涉及的分子相似。已经在组织(自体和异体移植)以及细胞水平上对海洋海绵Geodia cydonium和Suberites domuncula进行了实验。研究表明，海绵具有哺乳动物天然免疫系统的元素，例如含有清道夫受体富含半胱氨酸结构域的分子。此外，巨噬细胞衍生的细胞因子样分子已被鉴定为在移植过程中上调。此外，海绵中还存在(2‘-5’)寡腺苷合成酶系统。哺乳动物的第二种免疫反应--适应性免疫系统的“前体”已经在海绵中被追踪到。结果表明，在非自我识别过程中，哺乳动物淋巴细胞来源的细胞因子的表达上调。最后，在G.cydonium中，已经确定了两类组成Ig样结构域的受体：受体酪氨酸激酶和非酶海绵黏附分子。它们包含两个多态的Ig样结构域，属于免疫球蛋白的可变集合。在嫁接过程中，这些分子的表达也会上调。因此，海绵已经具备了高等脊椎动物天然免疫识别和获得性免疫识别所需的一系列元素。
Porifera (sponge) form the lowest metazoan phylum and share a common ancestor with other metazoan phyla. In the present study, it is reported that sponges possess molecules that are similar in structure to those molecules involved in the immune system in mammals. Experiments with the marine sponges Geodia cydonium and Suberites domuncula have been performed on tissue (auto- and allografting) as well as on a cellular level. The studies revealed that sponges are provided with elements of the mammalian innate immune system, such as molecules containing scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains. Furthermore, macrophage-derived cytokine-like molecules have been identified that are up-regulated during the grafting process. In addition, the (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase system exists in sponges. "Precursors" of the second type of immune response in mammals, the adaptive immune system, have been traced in sponges. It is shown that the expression of a lymphocyte-derived cytokine from mammals is up-regulated during non-self-recognition in S. domuncula. Finally, in G. cydonium, two classes of receptors that comprise Ig-like domains have been identified: the receptor tyrosine kinases and the non-enzymic sponge adhesion molecules. They contain two polymorphic Ig-like domains that are grouped to the variable set of immunoglobulins. The expression of these molecules is also up-regulated during the grafting process. It is concluded that sponges are already provided with a series of elements used in higher vertebrates for both the innate and the adaptive immune recognition.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Kheradmand, F;Werner, E;Werb, Z
通讯作者：
Werb, Z
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
RESNICK, D;PEARSON, A;KRIEGER, M
通讯作者：
KRIEGER, M
源自内皮单核细胞激活多肽 II 的氨基末端的肽可调节单核和多形核白细胞功能，定义明显新颖的细胞相互作用位点，并诱导急性炎症反应。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kao,J;Fan,YG;Haehnel,I;Brett,J;Greenberg,S;Clauss,M;Kayton,M;Houck,K;Kisiel,W;Seljelid,R
通讯作者：
Seljelid,R