Rapeseed research and production in China
Rapeseed research and production in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cj.2016.06.005
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Wang, Hanzhong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Qiong;Hua, Wei;Wang, Hanzhong
甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）是中国最大的油料作物，约占世界产量的20%。在过去的10年里，油菜籽的产量、种植面积和产量一直保持稳定，种子质量特别是种子含油量有所提高。中国是国际上油菜基因组研究的领先国家之一，与其他国家合作完成了油菜及其两个亲本物种甘蓝和芜菁的全基因组测序。功能基因组学的研究取得了很大进展，包括鉴定了控制产量、种子含油量、育性调控、抗病虫害、非生物胁迫、养分利用效率和抗裂荚性等重要农艺性状的QTL。因此，分子标记已被开发并用于育种计划。2005-2014年，全国共登记油菜品种215个，其中冬油菜品种210个，春油菜品种5个。对油菜生产全过程机械化进行了调查，并公布了所有相关技术的操作说明。高密度种植、控释肥、病虫害生物防治等现代油菜田管理技术与无人机等精密工具相结合，已在中国得到发展和采用。随着先进育种和生产技术的应用，在不久的将来，油菜品种的产油量和品质将大大提高，并将开发出更多具有理想性状的品种，特别是早熟、高产、高抗生物和非生物胁迫以及适合机械化收获的品种。应用现代化技术进行油菜机械化管理，将大大提高农民的经济效益。(C)2016年中国农业科学院作物科学研究所、中国作物学会制作和主办：Elsevier B. V.
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the largest oilseed crop in China and accounts for about 20% of world production. For the last 10 years, the production, planting area, and yield of rapeseed have been stable, with improvement of seed quality and especially seed oil content. China is among the leading countries in rapeseed genomic research internationally, having jointly with other countries accomplished the whole genome sequencing of rapeseed and its two parental species, Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa. Progress on functional genomics including the identification of QTL governing important agronomic traits such as yield, seed oil content, fertility regulation, disease and insect resistance, abiotic stress, nutrition use efficiency, and pod shattering resistance has been achieved. As a consequence, molecular markers have been developed and used in breeding programs. During 2005-2014, 215 rapeseed varieties were registered nationally, including 210 winter-and 5 spring-type varieties. Mechanization across the whole process of rapeseed production was investigated and operating instructions for all relevant techniques were published. Modern techniques for rapeseed field management such as high-density planting, controlled-release fertilizer, and biocontrol of disease and pests combined with precision tools such as drones have been developed and are being adopted in China. With the application of advanced breeding and production technologies, in the near future, the oil yield and quality of rapeseed varieties will be greatly increased, and more varieties with desirable traits, especially early maturation, high yield, high resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and suitability for mechanized harvesting will be developed. Application of modern technologies on the mechanized management of rapeseed will greatly increase grower profit. (C) 2016 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.