Mind, the gap in landscape‐evolution modelling
Mind, the gap in landscape‐evolution modelling
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思维，景观演化建模中的差距
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Millington
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Wainwright;J. Millington
尽管人们越来越认识到人类活动是目前改变景观的主导力量，并且这种活动在全新世一直在增加，但很少有综合工作来评估人类与地貌过程的相互作用。我们认为，基于主体的模型（ABM）是克服现有高度实证方法局限性的有用工具。特别是，它们允许将决策集成到基于过程的模型中，并提供一种启发式方法来评估从地貌学学科内外的各种来源获得的知识的兼容性。 ABM 在地貌学中的应用从两个不同的角度进行了论证。 SPASIMv1（特别保护区模拟器版本 1）模型用于评估从当今到二十一世纪中叶的十年时间尺度内土地利用变化的潜在影响，特别是与野火和随后的土壤条件、径流和侵蚀有关的影响。它重点关注西班牙中部具有传统观点和商业观点的农民的代表性，并强调土地保有权结构和个人决策的历史偶然性的重要性。然而，CYBEROSION 考虑了至少几个世纪以来侵蚀和沉积的变化。它将野生动物和家养动物以及人类作为模型代理，并在史前背景下的法国南部早期农业学家的背景下研究它们之间的相互作用。我们评估了 ABM 方法的优点和缺点，并考虑了一些主要挑战。这些挑战包括潜在的流程规模不匹配、不同学科研究人员之间的观点差异以及有关模型评估、分析和解释的问题。如果能够克服这些挑战，这种完全综合的方法将为地貌学提供一种手段，通过弥合社会方法和物理方法之间的差距，对人类与景观相互作用的研究进行合理的概念化。版权所有 © 2010 约翰威利父子有限公司
Despite an increasing recognition that human activity is currently the dominant force modifying landscapes, and that this activity has been increasing through the Holocene, there has been little integrative work to evaluate human interactions with geomorphic processes. We argue that agent‐based models (ABMs) are a useful tool for overcoming the limitations of existing, highly empirical approaches. In particular, they allow the integration of decision‐making into process‐based models and provide a heuristic way of evaluating the compatibility of knowledge gained from a wide range of sources, both within and outwith the discipline of geomorphology. The application of ABMs to geomorphology is demonstrated from two different perspectives. The SPASIMv1 (Special Protection Area SIMulator version 1) model is used to evaluate the potential impacts of land‐use change – particularly in relation to wildfire and subsequent soil conditions, runoff and erosion – over a decadal timescale from the present day to the mid‐twenty‐first century. It focuses on the representation of farmers with traditional versus commercial perspectives in central Spain, and highlights the importance of land‐tenure structure and historical contingencies of individuals' decision‐making. CYBEROSION, however, considers changes in erosion and deposition over the scale of at least centuries. It represents both wild and domesticated animals and humans as model agents, and investigates the interactions of them in the context of early agriculturalists in southern France in a prehistoric context. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the ABM approach, and consider some of the major challenges. These challenges include potential process‐scale mismatches, differences in perspective between investigators from different disciplines, and issues regarding model evaluation, analysis and interpretation. If the challenges can be overcome, this fully integrated approach will provide geomorphology a means to conceptualize soundly the study of human–landscape interactions by bridging the gap between social and physical approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.