Phylogeny and evolution of grammitid ferns (Grammitidaceae): a case of rampant morphological homoplasy
Phylogeny and evolution of grammitid ferns (Grammitidaceae): a case of rampant morphological homoplasy
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DOI：
10.2307/4135619
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发表时间：
2004-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
T. Ranker;Alan R. Smith;B. Parris;J. Geiger;C. Haufler;S. Straub;Harald Schneider
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Ranker;Alan R. Smith;B. Parris;J. Geiger;C. Haufler;S. Straub;Harald Schneider
我们利用两个 cpDNA 基因的序列和形态特征对蕨类植物 Grammitidaceae 进行了系统发育分析。获得了该科中最知名属的 73 个物种的数据。沙腺属、Ceradenia属、Calymmodon属、Cochlidium属、Enterosora属和Melpomene属均被强烈支持为单系。其他不被支持为单系的公认属包括 Ctenopteris、Grammitis、Lellingeria、Micropolypodium、Prosaptia 和 Terpsichore。鉴定出了几个以前未被识别的进化枝，其中一些具有独特的形态特征。对我们推断的系统发育的形态特征状态分布的分析表明，许多不同特征具有极高水平的同源进化。形态特征的同质性远大于分子特征的同质性。许多在系统发育过程中表现出高水平趋同或平行进化的特征是通常用于界定该类群属的特征（例如，叶片解剖、各种根茎鳞片特征和腺体旁生）。相反，一些同质性水平相对较低的性状要么不被认为具有分类学价值，要么被忽略（例如，根插入、根茎鳞片光泽）。我们的数据支持革兰氏菌科的新世界起源，而旧世界的分类单元通常更具有进化衍生性。一些分支要么主要是新热带的，要么主要是古热带的，但也有一些成员分布在相反的半球。因此，我们假设在几个谱系中存在多个独立的扩散和定殖事件。
We conducted phylogenetic analyses of the fern family Grammitidaceae using sequences from two cpDNA genes and from morphological characters. Data were obtained for 73 species from most recognized genera in the family. Thegenera Adenophorus, Ceradenia, Calymmodon, Cochlidium, Enterosora, and Melpomene were each strongly supported as being monophyletic. Other recognized genera that were not supported as monophyletic included Ctenopteris, Grammitis, Lellingeria, Micropolypodium, Prosaptia, and Terpsichore. Several previously unrecognized clades were identified, some of which are characterized by distinctive morphological features. Analyses of the distribution of morphological character states on our inferred phylogeny showed extremely high levels of homoplastic evolution for many different characters. Homoplasy for morphological characters was considerably greater than for molecular characters. Many of the characters that exhibited high levels of convergent or parallel evolution across the phylogeny are features that have been commonly used to circumscribe genera in this group (e.g., leaf blade dissection, various rhizome scale characters, and glandular paraphyses). Conversely, some of the characters that exhibited relatively low levels of homoplasy have either not been regarded as having taxonomic value or have been ignored (e.g., root insertion, rhizome scale sheen). Our data support a New World origin of Grammitidaceae, with Old World taxa generally being more evolutionarily derived. Several clades are either primarily Neotropical or primarily Paleotropical but also have a few members distributed in the opposite hemisphere. Thus, we postulate multiple, independent dispersal and colonization events in several lineages.