Living in liminality : an osteoarchaeological investigation into the use of avian resources in North Atlantic Island environments
Living in liminality : an osteoarchaeological investigation into the use of avian resources in North Atlantic Island environments
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
Julia Best
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作者：
Julia Best
本论文通过考古骨骼和蛋壳探索了苏格兰和更广泛的北大西洋岛屿环境中鸟类资源的利用。鸟类可以提供一系列的产品，包括肉，蛋和羽毛，但他们的考古调查往往被忽视，其范围和应用有限。通过整理现有的鸟类数据，并将其与新的，深入的分析相结合，本论文研究鸟类使用，通过时间和空间，首先在苏格兰群岛（研究的主要领域），然后在更广泛的传统中，在冰岛和法罗群岛的考古学和历史上的背景下，这。中石器时代到挪威苏格兰岛屿的鸟骨被用来发展我们对饮食，野生资源开发，季节性家禽活动，栖息地使用和景观周围运动的理解。外赫布里底群岛的南尤伊斯特形成了一个主要的案例研究，结合了从青铜时代晚期到铁器时代早期的大量主要骨骼分析，包括Cladh Hallan、Norse Bornais和Norse Cille Phheadair。完整的苏格兰岛数据集被用来考虑按时期和地点的鸟类使用趋势。物种的存在，青少年，骨髓骨和蛋壳的扫描电镜分析，调查资源收购的季节和地点。这些材料显示，海鸟扮演了一个持久的角色，主要的鸟类，如塘鹅，海雀，沙格，鸬鹚和海鸥被反复利用。家禽是集中和多样化的，往往包括目标物种和几个机会捕捉类群。鸟类既在当地获得，也在更远的地方捕鸟旅行中获得。观察鸟类种群的变化;确定人类捕鸟者可用的资源，并调查这种开发的影响。在这个广泛的时间和地理范围内分析，整合和解释考古鸟类遗骸，使人们能够更好地了解过去鸟类的使用和在北大西洋岛屿饮食，经济和生活中的作用。
This thesis explores the use of avian resources within the Scottish and wider North Atlantic Island environment via archaeological bone and eggshell. Birds can provide a range of products including meat, eggs and feathers, however their archaeological investigation has frequently been both overlooked, and limited in its extent and application. By collating pre-existing avian data and combining it with new, in-depth analyses this thesis investigates bird use though time and space; firstly in the Scottish Islands (the primary area of study), and then contextualises this within the wider tradition of fowling archaeologically and historically in Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Mesolithic to Norse Scottish Island bird bone is used to develop our understanding of diet, wild resource exploitation, seasonal fowling activities, habitat use, and movement around the landscape. South Uist in the Outer Hebrides forms a major case study incorporating substantial primary bone analyses from Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age Cladh Hallan, Norse Bornais and Norse Cille Pheadair. The full Scottish Island dataset is used to consider trends in bird use by period and location. Species presence, juveniles, medullary bone and SEM analysis of eggshell are used to investigate resource acquisition by season and location. The material reveals that seabirds played an enduring role, with key birds such as the gannet, auks, shag, cormorant and gulls being repeatedly exploited. Fowling is focused and diverse, often incorporating targeted species and several opportunistically caught taxa. Birds were acquired both locally and in fowling trips further afield. Variations in avian populations are observed; determining the resources available to human fowlers and investigating the impact of such exploitation. Analysing, integrating and interpreting the archaeological bird remains on this wide temporal and geographical scale has enabled a greater understanding of past bird use and role within North Atlantic Island diet, economy and life.