Reverse Vaccinology and Its Applications
Reverse Vaccinology and Its Applications
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-0716-0389-5_1
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kanampalliwar, Amol M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kanampalliwar, Amol M.
将药物基因组学和药物遗传学领域应用于疫苗设计，并与生物信息学深度结合，最近被称为“疫苗组学”。“全基因组测序项目产生的海量信息和生物信息学的兴起，引发了疫苗研发新时代的诞生，催生了“第三代”疫苗，即基于疫苗组学科学应用于疫苗学的疫苗。这种方法的第一个例子是反向疫苗学。反向疫苗学将疫苗靶点检测和评价周期缩短至1-2年。这种方法靶向基因组序列，并预测那些最有可能成为候选疫苗的抗原。这种方法不仅可以鉴定通过以前的方法获得的所有抗原，而且还可以发现在完全不同的模式下工作的新抗原。因此，这种方法有助于发现免疫干预的新机制。与其他载体或减毒活疫苗相比，基于表位的免疫衍生疫苗（IDV）通常被认为是安全的。基于表位的IDV还可以为抗体导向的疫苗提供必要的T细胞帮助。这种疫苗可能比早期的疫苗设计方法具有显著的优势，因为组分的谨慎分类可能会减少。
The application of the fields of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics to vaccine design, profoundly combined with bioinformatics, has been recently termed "vaccinomics." The enormous amount of information generated by whole genome sequencing projects and the rise of bioinformatics has triggered the birth of a new era of vaccine research and development, leading to a "third generation" of vaccines, which are based on the application of vaccinomics science to vaccinology. The first example of such an approach is reverse vaccinology. Reverse vaccinology reduces the period of vaccine target detection and evaluation to 1-2 years. This approach targets the genomic sequence and predicts those antigens that are most likely to be vaccine candidates. This approach allows not only the identification of all the antigens obtained by the previous methods but also the discovery of new antigens that work on a totally different paradigm. Hence this method helps in the discovery of novel mechanisms of immune intervention. Epitope-based immune-derived vaccines (IDV) are generally considered to be safe when compared to other vectored or attenuated live vaccines. Epitope-based IDV may also provide essential T-cell help for antibody-directed vaccines. Such vaccines may have a significant advantage over earlier vaccine design approaches, as the cautious assortment of the components may diminish.