Annual Drosophila Research Conference, 2012.
Annual Drosophila Research Conference, 2012.
复制标题
年度果蝇研究会议，2012。
DOI：
10.1002/dvdy.23806
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Singh,Amit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Call,GeraldB;RoyPuli,Oorvashi;James,AnnaM;Pope,ChristopherR;Kango-Singh,Madhuri;Singh,Amit
风城芝加哥是美国人口第三大城市，位于五大湖和密西西比河流域之间，是第 53 届果蝇研究年会的举办地。芝加哥是一座全球性的城市，各个国籍的人们都来这里追求他们的美国梦，它最初是芝加哥河口的一个小贸易站。用马克·吐温（1883）关于芝加哥的话来说，“对于偶尔来访的人来说，试图跟上芝加哥的步伐是没有希望的。”她的预言比他的预言还要快。”这次会议由美国遗传学会 (GSA) 赞助，由塞莱斯特·伯格（华盛顿大学）、史蒂夫·克鲁斯（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校）、埃里卡·马图尼斯（约翰·霍普金斯大学）和凯文·怀特（芝加哥大学）组织。这次年会汇聚了来自世界各地的基础研究科学家，他们研究遗传模式生物——果蝇——常见的果蝇。今年的会议取得了巨大成功，吸引了近 1,500 名预先注册的与会者、900 场海报展示、157 场平台演讲、14 场全体演讲、12 场研讨会和 16 场展览。开幕式首先表彰朱尔斯·霍夫曼 (Jules Hoffman) 在果蝇先天免疫方面的研究成果，荣获 2011 年诺贝尔医学和生理学奖。霍夫曼博士当之无愧地与其他五位果蝇研究人员一起因其工作而获得了诺贝尔奖。随后为詹姆斯·F·克劳 (James F. Crow, 1916-2012) 建立了纪念碑，他是威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的群体遗传学家和教授。他是一位杰出的进化生物学家、教育家、导师、科学政策顾问、GSA 主席和副主席、杰出的音乐家和人道主义者。 GSA 执行董事 Adam Fagen 将 George W. Beadle 奖颁发给 Therese Markow（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）。她是进化生物学教授，研究北美索诺兰沙漠仙人掌繁殖果蝇的适应和物种形成。今年的拉里·桑德勒最佳论文奖获得了创纪录的 32 项提名，竞争异常激烈。来自 Anandasankar Ray 博士实验室（加州大学河滨分校）的 Stephanie Turner Chen 是今年的获奖者。她的工作重点是果蝇中的二氧化碳受体，该受体位于果蝇的味觉受体上。二氧化碳感应神经元位于天线中，会引起果蝇的恐惧反应。然而，这造成了一个悖论，因为腐烂的水果会释放二氧化碳，但也会吸引苍蝇。 CO2 神经元的电生理学分析表明，不同气味剂强烈抑制 CO2 刺激的动作电位。果蝇的二氧化碳回避行为也会受到相同气味剂的抑制。这种回避行为仍然存在于 OR83b 突变的果蝇中，OR83b 是所有气味受体的专性伴侣，表明气味抑制不是通过气味神经元进行的，而可能是通过直接作用于 CO2 味觉神经元来实现的。她在气味神经元中异位表达 CO2 受体，并发现气味剂对 CO2 反应的神经抑制也发生在这个异位位置。这表明气味抑制是直接通过
The windy city, Chicago, the third most populous city in the United States, situated amidst the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed, was the venue for the 53rd Annual Drosophila Research Conference. Chicago, a global city where people of every nationality come to pursue their American dream began as a small trading post at the mouth of the Chicago River. In the words of Mark Twain (1883) about Chicago,‘‘It is hopeless for the occasional visitor to try to keep up with Chicago. She outgrows his prophecies faster than he can make them.’’The meeting was sponsored by the Genetics Society of America (GSA) and was organized by Celeste Berg (University of Washington), Steve Crews (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill), Erika Matunis (John Hopkins University), and Kevin White (University of Chicago). This annual meeting brings together basic research scientists from all over the world, who study the genetic model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, the common fruit fly. This year’s meeting was a huge success with almost 1,500 preregistered attendees, 900 poster presentations, 157 platform talks, 14 plenary lectures, 12 workshops, and 16 exhibits. The opening session started off by acknowledging Jules Hoffman’s 2011 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for his work on innate immunity in Drosophila. Dr. Hoffman deservedly joins five other Drosophila researchers that have earned the Nobel Prize for their work. This was followed by a memorial for James F. Crow, 1916–2012, who was a population geneticist and professor at University of Wisconsin, Madison. He was an outstanding evolutionary biologist, educator, mentor, science policy advisor, president and vice president of the GSA, accomplished musician, and humanitarian. The GSA executive director, Adam Fagen, presented the George W. Beadle Award to Therese Markow (University of California, San Diego). She is a professor of evolutionary biology and studies adaption and speciation of the cactus breeding Drosophila of the Sonoran Desert of North America. This year’s Larry Sandler Award for best thesis had a record 32 nominations and as usual was extremely competitive. Stephanie Turner Chen from Dr. Anandasankar Ray’s laboratory (University of California, Riverside) was this year’s winner. Her work focused on the CO2 receptor in Drosophila which is located on the flies’ gustatory receptors. The CO2-sensing neuron is located in the antenna and elicits a fear response in the fly. However, this created a paradox because rotting fruit gives off CO2 but also attracts flies. Electrophysiology analysis of the CO2 neuron showed that CO2-stimulated action potentials are strongly inhibited with different odorants. The flies’ CO2 avoidance behavior is also inhibited by those same odorants. This avoidance behavior was still present in flies with mutations in OR83b, the obligate partner of all odorant receptors, indicating that the odorant inhibition was not through odorant neurons, but likely through direct action on the CO2 gustatory neuron. She ectopically expressed the CO2 receptor in odorant neurons and found that the neural inhibition by the odorants of the CO2 response occurs in this ectopic location as well. This indicates that the odorant inhibition is directly through