Redundant relationships in multiplex food sharing networks increase food security in a nutritionally precarious environment
Redundant relationships in multiplex food sharing networks increase food security in a nutritionally precarious environment
复制标题
多重食物共享网络中的冗余关系提高了营养不稳定环境中的粮食安全
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Finn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Curtis Atkisson;K. Finn
专业化是人类的标志。现实世界中的专业化（存在不完全分类的合作伙伴，不完全校准的供需关系，以及高失败风险）需要关系中的冗余，这可以防止专家在某些合作伙伴未能捕获高度可变的食物时挨饿，并在分配剩余收成时获得最大价值。新兴的多层网络分析领域为测试食物共享网络中冗余关系对饥饿的影响提供了工具。我们推导出包含越来越多网络结构的度量：不包含任何网络结构的度量，仅包含有关个人的信息的度量，以及包含有关个人和领域的所有信息的度量。我们以生活在圭亚那盾大草原的园艺家为样本，对这些措施的效果进行了测试，那里的营养环境不稳定。有冗余的关系与报告不吃饭的发生率较低有关。这提供了证据，证明食物共享网络中的冗余可能会降低与觅食策略相关的风险，而觅食策略是支持一个大脑袋、多面手的杂食动物所必需的。这一结果对人类进化领域更广泛的争论产生了影响，比如为什么人类生活在低亲缘关系的群体中。
Specialization is a hallmark of humans. Specialization in the real world (with imperfectly sorted partners, imperfectly calibrated supply and demand, and high failure risk) requires redundancy in relationships, which prevents specialists from going hungry when some of their partners fail to capture highly variable food items and derive the most value when dividing surplus harvests. The burgeoning field of multilayer network analysis offers tools to test for the effect of redundant relationships in food sharing networks on hunger. We derive measures that include progressively more network structure: measures without any network structure, those that only include information about individuals, and those that include all information about individuals and domains. We test for the effects of these measures in a sample of horticulturalists living in the savannahs of the Guyana Shield, a nutritionally precarious environment. Having redundant relationships is associated with a lower incidence of reported skipped meals. This provides evidence that redundancy in food sharing networks may mitigate risk associated with the foraging strategies necessary to support a large-brained, generalist omnivore. This result has consequences for broader debates in the field of human evolution such as why humans live in groups with low relatedness.
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Carpenter, Bob;Gelman, Andrew;Riddell, Allen
通讯作者：
Riddell, Allen
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Koster, Jeremy;McElreath, Richard;Ross, Cody
通讯作者：
Ross, Cody