Do black hole masses scale with classical bulge luminosities only? The case of the two composite pseudo-bulge galaxies NGC 3368 and NGC 3489
Do black hole masses scale with classical bulge luminosities only? The case of the two composite pseudo-bulge galaxies NGC 3368 and NGC 3489
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16167.x
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发表时间：
2009-12
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
N. Nowak;Jens Thomas;P. Erwin;R. Saglia;R. Bender;R. Davies
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Nowak;Jens Thomas;P. Erwin;R. Saglia;R. Bender;R. Davies
现在已经很好地确定，所有具有大质量凸起成分的星系都有一个中心超大质量黑洞（SMBH）。SMBH的质量与星系的膨胀性质（如膨胀质量和速度色散）相关，这意味着星系的膨胀和中心黑洞在形成过程中一起生长。作为调查的SMBH质量的膨胀类型和形成机制的依赖性的一部分，我们提出了测量SMBH质量在两个pseudoclull星系。螺旋星系NGC 3368是双棒星系，拥有一个大的伪凸起，其中心有一个微小的经典凸起成分。S 0星系NGC 3489只有一个弱的大尺度棒，一个小的伪球和一个小的经典球。这两个星系在光学上都显示出微弱的核活动，表明存在超大质量黑洞。我们提出了高分辨率，自适应光学辅助，这两个星系的近红外积分场数据，在甚大望远镜与SINFONI，并使用轴对称轨道模型来确定质量的SMBHs。NGC 3368的SMBH质量在四个象限上的平均值为Mi = 7：5 × 10 6 M，误差为1：5 × 10 6 M，这主要是由于数据的非轴对称性造成的。对于NGC 3489，当单独模拟SINFONI数据时，不能排除没有黑洞的解决方案，但当模拟SINFONI，OASIS和SAURON数据组合时，可以明确排除，我们得到M =（6：00 +0：56 0：54 jstat 0：64 jsys）10 6 M。虽然这两个星系似乎都符合M -关系，但从表面上看，当总的凸起幅度（即，包括经典凸起和伪凸起）;当仅考虑小的经典凸起分量时，一致性更好。然而，考虑到恒星人口的老化可能会改变这一结论。
It is now well established that all galaxies with a massive bulge component harbour a central supermassive black hole (SMBH). The mass of the SMBH correlates with bulge properties such as the bulge mass and the velocity dispersion, which implies that the bulge and the central black hole of a galaxy have grown together during the formation process. As part of an investigation of the dependence of the SMBH mass on bulge types and formation mechanisms, we present measurements of SMBH masses in two pseudobulge galaxies. The spiral galaxy NGC 3368 is double-barred and hosts a large pseudobulge with a tiny classical bulge component at the very centre. The S0 galaxy NGC 3489 has only a weak large-scale bar, a small pseudobulge and a small classical bulge. Both galaxies show weak nuclear activity in the optical, indicative of the presence of a supermassive black hole. We present high resolution, adaptive-optics-assisted, near-infrared integral field data of these two galaxies, taken with SINFONI at the Very Large Telescope, and use axisymmetric orbit models to determine the masses of the SMBHs. The SMBH mass of NGC 3368, averaged over the four quadrants, ishM i = 7:5 10 6 M with an error of 1:5 10 6 M , which mostly comes from the non-axisymmetry in the data. For NGC 3489, a solution without black hole cannot be excluded when modelling the SINFONI data alone, but can be clearly ruled out when modelling a combination of SINFONI, OASIS and SAURON data, for which we obtain M = (6:00 +0:56 0:54 jstat 0:64jsys) 10 6 M . Although both galaxies seem to be consistent with the M - relation, at face value they do not agree with the relation between bulge magnitude and black hole mass when the total bulge magnitude (i.e., including both classical bulge and pseudobulge) is considered; the agreement is better when only the small classical bulge components are considered. However, taking into account the ageing of the stellar population could change this conclusion.