Defining the Difference between Backdraft and Smoke Explosions
Defining the Difference between Backdraft and Smoke Explosions
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定义回燃和烟雾爆炸之间的区别
DOI：
10.1016/j.proeng.2013.08.071
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhijian Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Fleischmann;Zhijian Chen
车厢火灾通常是经典意义上的讨论，车厢火灾的发展历史从初始阶段开始，进入发展阶段，通过闪络过渡到完全发展阶段，并在衰减阶段结束。然而，当火灾发生在封闭的隔间，只有通风可用泄漏，火灾可能开始阴燃，并产生大量的一氧化碳和未燃烧的碳氢化合物。这些不完全燃烧的产物积聚在隔间内，造成极其危险的条件。如果条件合适，并且有一个大的通风口可用，例如消防员打开了一扇门，一个快速发展的火焰锋面通过封闭空间传播，燃烧着与进来的空气混合的可用燃料，最终在开口外形成一个大火球。这一灾难性事件被消防员称为回风，根据定义，它需要突然改变通风。坊间证据支持一种不同的现象，即封闭的隔间突然起火，打碎玻璃，甚至在没有打开通风口的情况下造成结构破坏。这种现象在这里被称为烟雾爆炸。最近的工作重点是提高我们对这些鲜为人知的事件以及它们之前的条件的理解。在通风严密的围栏内焚烧木床进行了一系列小规模实验。在一定的火灾条件下，车厢会突然喷发，从车厢内的小开口喷出烟雾和火焰。本文描述了烟雾爆炸研究的实验结果，并将烟雾爆炸与更常见的回燃现象进行了比较。
Compartment fires are commonly discussed in the classical sense with the compartment fire growth history starting with the incipient phase leading into the growth phase that transition through flashover into the fully developed phase and ends in the decay phase. However, when a fire starts in a closed compartment where only ventilation is the leakage available, the fire can start to smolder and produce large quantities of CO and unburned hydrocarbons. These products of incomplete combustion accumulate in the compartment and create an extremely hazardous condition. If the conditions are right and a large vent becomes available, such as a fire fighter opening a door, a rapidly developing flame front spreads through the enclosure burning the available fuel that has mixed with the incoming air, culminating in a large fireball outside the opening. This catastrophic event is known to fire fighters as a backdraft and by definition requires a sudden change it the ventilation. Anecdotal evidence supports a different phenomenon in which a closed compartment suddenly erupts in flames breaking glass and even causing structural damage without a vent ever being open. This phenomenon is referred to here as a smoke explosion. Recent work has focused on improving our understanding of these poorly understood events and the conditions that precede them. A series of small scale experiments have been conducted burning a timber crib inside an enclosure with tightly controlled ventilation. Under certain fire conditions, the compartment will suddenly erupt, ejecting smoke and flames from the small openings in the compartment. This paper describes the experimental results from the smoke explosion research and compares the smoke explosion to the more familiar phenomena known as backdraft.