Dive behaviour, foraging locations, and maternal-attendance patterns of Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus)
Dive behaviour, foraging locations, and maternal-attendance patterns of Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1139/cjz-79-1-35
复制
发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hindell, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnould, JPY;Hindell, MA
1997-1999年，在整个哺乳期内，对来自澳大利亚东南部巴斯海峡卡诺纳岛（南纬39度10分，东经146度18分）的雌性澳大利亚毛皮海豹（Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus）的潜水行为、觅食地点和群落出席模式进行了测定。觅食旅行持续时间随着哺乳期的进展而增加，夏季最短（3.71 ± 0.24天;平均值± 1 SE），冬季最长（6.77 ± 0.57天，P < 0.05），但母亲护理期的持续时间没有差异（1.70 ± 0.10天，P > 0.5）。个体平均出勤时间与出行时间呈正相关（r（2）= 0.21，P < 0.005）。潜水开始后不久，密封离开殖民地（2.6 - 0.4小时），是连续的很长一段时间（长达36小时），主要发生在白天，缺乏定期昼夜变化的深度。大多数潜水（78%）是典型的U形，并达到相应的深度在巴斯海峡（65-85米），这表明这些动物觅食主要是在该地区的浅大陆架的底栖生物。这种行为对海狗来说是不寻常的，但让人想起一些海狮物种。平均潜水持续时间在2.0和3.7分钟之间变化（最大8.9分钟），17.3%的潜水超过了理论有氧潜水极限（3.91-4.26分钟）。潜水频率（8.3 +/- 0.6/h）和在海上潜水的时间比例（40.7 +/- 2.1%）与觅食旅行的持续时间呈弱负相关（r（2）= 0.07，P < 0.004; r（2）= 0.13，P < 0.0001）。在海上位置的数据显示，哺乳期女性饲料几乎完全在巴斯海峡在所有季节。
The dive behaviour, foraging locations, and colony-attendance patterns of female Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) from Kanowna Island (39 degrees 10'S, 146 degrees 18'E) in Bass Strait, southeastern Australia, were determined throughout lactation during 1997-1999. Foraging-trip durations increased as lactation progressed, being shortest in summer (3.71 +/- 0.24 days; mean +/- 1 SE) and longest in winter (6.77 +/- 0.57 days, P < 0.05), but maternal-attendance periods did not differ in duration (1.70 0.10 days, P > 0.5). Individual mean attendance periods and trip durations were positively correlated (r(2) = 0.21, P < 0.005). Diving commenced shortly after seals left the colony (2.6 0.4 h), was continuous for long periods (up to 36 h), occurred mostly during daylight hours, and lacked regular diel variation in depth. The majority of dives (78%) were typically U-shaped and reached depths corresponding to the prevailing depths in Bass Strait (65-85 m), indicating that these animals forage mostly on the benthos of the shallow continental shelf in this region. Such behaviour is unusual for fur seals but is reminiscent of that of some sea lion species. Mean dive durations varied between 2.0 and 3.7 min (maximum 8.9 min) and the theoretical aerobic dive limit (3.91-4.26 min) was exceeded on 17.3% of dives. Dive frequency (8.3 +/- 0.6/h) and the proportion of time at sea spent diving (40.7 +/- 2.1%) were weakly negatively related to the duration of the foraging trip (r(2) = 0.07, P < 0.004, and r(2) = 0.13, P < 0.0001, respectively). Data from at-sea locations showed that lactating females forage almost exclusively within Bass Strait during all seasons.