The ATLAS3D project - XVI. Physical parameters and spectral line energy distributions of the molecular gas in gas-rich early-type galaxies

The ATLAS3D project - XVI. Physical parameters and spectral line energy distributions of the molecular gas in gas-rich early-type galaxies
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ATLAS3D 项目 - XVI。

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/sts598
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Bayet E
Bayet E
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bayet E

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本文详细研究了ATLAS 3D样品中18个富含分子气体的早型星系(ETG)中分子气体的物理性质。我们的目标是更好地了解这些星系中发生的星星形成过程,从致密的恒星形成气体开始。我们利用现有的12CO(1 - 0,2 - 1),13CO(1 - 0,2 - 1),HCN(1 - 0)和HCO+(1 - 0)的综合观测资料和新的12CO(3 - 2)单碟观测资料。从这些,我们推导出的平均动力学温度,H2体积密度和柱密度的排放气体中的一个显着的样品的ETGs,使用非局部的热平衡理论模型的第一次。由于CO谱线与HCN和HCO+谱线的物理条件不同,因此这两组谱线被分开处理。对于这里研究的大多数富分子气体ETG,CO转变可以在动力学温度为10 - 20 K、H2体积密度为103 - 4cm-3和CO柱密度为cm-2的情况下重现。对应于HCN和HCO+气体组分的物理条件具有很大的不确定性,必须仅视为指示性的。我们还比较了第一次预测的CO谱线能量分布和气体性质的分子气体丰富的ETGs与附近的一个样本的研究盘星系。我们的18个ETG中有13个的气体激发条件与银河系中心的气体激发条件类似,因此驱动这些条件的星星形成活动可能具有类似的强度和性质。这样的结果在ETG之前从未获得过,并为探索宇宙中进一步的恒星形成过程打开了一扇新的窗口。然而,所得出的结论应加以认真考虑,因为这些结论是基于数量有限的观察和一个简单的模型。在不久的将来,随着更高的CO转换观测,应该可以更好地识别ETG中存在的各种气体成分,以及更精确地确定其相关的物理条件。为了实现这些目标,我们在这里从我们的理论研究表明,中间JCO线[如12CO(6 - 5)线]是特别有用的。
We present a detailed study of the physical properties of the molecular gas in a sample of 18 molecular gas-rich early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the ATLAS3Dsample. Our goal is to better understand the star formation processes occurring in those galaxies, starting here with the dense star-forming gas. We use existing integrated12CO (1–0, 2–1),13CO (1–0, 2–1), HCN (1–0) and HCO+(1–0) observations and new12CO (3–2) single-dish data. From these, we derive for the first time the average kinetic temperature, H2volume density and column density of the emitting gas in a significant sample of ETGs, using a non-local thermodynamical equilibrium theoretical model. Since the CO lines trace different physical conditions than of those the HCN and HCO+lines, the two sets of lines are treated separately. For most of the molecular gas-rich ETGs studied here, the CO transitions can be reproduced with kinetic temperatures of 10–20 K, H2volume densities of 103–4cm−3and CO column densities ofcm−2. The physical conditions corresponding to the HCN and HCO+gas component have large uncertainties and must be considered as indicative only. We also compare for the first time the predicted CO spectral line energy distributions and gas properties of our molecular gas-rich ETGs with those of a sample of nearby well-studied disc galaxies. The gas excitation conditions in 13 of our 18 ETGs appear analogous to those in the centre of the Milky Way, hence the star formation activity driving these conditions is likely of a similar strength and nature. Such results have never been obtained before for ETGs and open a new window to explore further star-formation processes in the Universe. The conclusions drawn should nevertheless be considered carefully, as they are based on a limited number of observations and on a simple model. In the near future, with higher CO transition observations, it should be possible to better identify the various gas components present in ETGs, as well as more precisely determine their associated physical conditions. To achieve these goals, we show here from our theoretical study, that mid-JCO lines [such as the12CO (6–5) line] are particularly useful.
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