Trehalose 6-phosphate signalling and impact on crop yield.
Trehalose 6-phosphate signalling and impact on crop yield.
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20200286
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发表时间：
2020-10-30
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Griffiths CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paul MJ;Watson A;Griffiths CA
农作物的驯化和育种是人类的一项重大成就，使社会和文明得以稳定发展。在驯化过程中，作物在单位耕地面积上的生产力提高了，支持了目前78亿的全球人口。小麦和玉米等粮食安全作物与早期的祖先相比发生了巨大变化。在这些作物中已经改变的过程中，是碳资源的分配，以支持更大的谷物产量（谷物数量和大小）。在小麦中，茎高度的降低使得资源从茎转移到穗。这释放了碳，以支持更高的谷物产量。绿色革命基因导致茎高降低是已知的，但缺乏一个统一的机制来积极调节碳资源向汇和汇内的分配。海藻糖-6-磷酸（T6 P）信号系统已成为资源分配的一种机制，并与不同环境下作物的同化物分配和产量提高有关。了解T6 P通过SnRK 1蛋白激酶调节系统的作用模式为控制作物全株资源分配和源库相互作用的统一机制提供了基础。最新的研究结果表明，T6 P/SnRK 1途径可能通过靶向基因编辑、育种和化学方法来进一步改善籽粒数量和灌浆性状以及非生物胁迫恢复力。
The domestication and breeding of crops has been a major achievement for mankind enabling the development of stable societies and civilisation. Crops have become more productive per unit area of cultivated land over the course of domestication supporting a current global population of 7.8 billion. Food security crops such as wheat and maize have seen large changes compared with early progenitors. Amongst processes that have been altered in these crops, is the allocation of carbon resources to support larger grain yield (grain number and size). In wheat, reduction in stem height has enabled diversion of resources from stems to ears. This has freed up carbon to support greater grain yield. Green revolution genes responsible for reductions in stem height are known, but a unifying mechanism for the active regulation of carbon resource allocation towards and within sinks has however been lacking. The trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) signalling system has emerged as a mechanism of resource allocation and has been implicated in several crop traits including assimilate partitioning and improvement of yield in different environments. Understanding the mode of action of T6P through the SnRK1 protein kinase regulatory system is providing a basis for a unifying mechanism controlling whole-plant resource allocation and source-sink interactions in crops. Latest results show it is likely that the T6P/SnRK1 pathway can be harnessed for further improvements such as grain number and grain filling traits and abiotic stress resilience through targeted gene editing, breeding and chemical approaches.