Normalization of violence: experiences of childhood abuse by inner-city crack users.
Normalization of violence: experiences of childhood abuse by inner-city crack users.
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DOI：
10.1080/15332640802683359
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Benoit, Ellen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunlap, Eloise;Golub, Andrew;Benoit, Ellen
越来越多的文献，主要是基于回顾性调查一直在记录的儿童身体虐待（CPA）和成年后的物质滥用（阿萨）之间的相关性。本文使用人种学数据来揭示一个人口贫困的，内城纽约居民谁成为快克用户的过程和这种联系的背景。市中心的生活与更幸运的情况下的生活有质的不同。CPA只是导致阿萨的众多压力源和因素之一。约有一半的受试者报告说，他们清楚地记得曾被母亲或各种男性伴侣殴打。虽然有几个人否认在童年时被殴打，但他们通常报告说，他们“活该”受到各种形式的人身攻击。“身体攻击，特别是母亲的身体攻击，往往被理解为爱的表达。因此，这些受访者认为他们持续的身体攻击是他们童年和青春期的一个普通部分。这种体罚也使儿童适应社会，并使他们为童年时期可能在市中心社区发生的暴力做好准备。这一分析强调了如何减少药物滥用在内城可能需要一个更全面的努力，而不是专注于减少注册会计师。这些发现也有重要的影响，定量研究有关CPA和阿萨。这些研究应按社会经济地位细分分析，以更清楚地衡量CPA在较富裕人群中的风险因素有多大，以及在贫民窟内的贫困人口中，不被滥用的风险因素有多大。
An increasing literature mostly based on retrospective surveys has been consistently documenting a correlation between physical abuse in childhood (CPA) and substance abuse in adulthood (ASA). This article uses ethnographic data to reveal the processes behind and context of this linkage for one population-poor, inner-city New York residents who became crack users. Life in the inner city is qualitatively different than in more fortunate circumstances. CPA is but one of numerous stressors and factors contributing to ASA. Approximately half of the subjects reported clear recollections of being physically beaten by their mothers or their various male partners. Although several denied being beaten in childhood, they typically reported various forms of physical assaults that they "deserved." Physical assaults, especially by mothers, were often understood as expressions of love. As such, these respondents viewed their ongoing physical assaults as an ordinary part of their childhood and adolescence. Such physical punishment also socialized and prepared children for the violence that would likely occur during their childhood in their inner-city communities. This analysis highlights how reducing substance abuse in the inner city may require a much more comprehensive effort than a focus on reducing CPA. These findings also have important implications for quantitative research regarding CPA and ASA. Such studies should subdivide their analyses by socioeconomic status to more clearly measure how much of a risk factor CPA represents among wealthier populations and how much not being abused may serve as a protective factor among poor inner-city populations.