The Principle of Least Effort and Comprehension of Spoken Sentences by Younger and Older Adults.
The Principle of Least Effort and Comprehension of Spoken Sentences by Younger and Older Adults.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.629464
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Wingfield A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ayasse ND;Hodson AJ;Wingfield A
有相当多的证据表明，听者对口语句子的理解并不总是源于对话语的词汇和句法的全面分析。相反，听者可能会进行肤浅的分析，抽取一些单词，并使用假定的似是而非的方法来理解句子的意思。由于后一种策略更多地出现在具有复杂句法的句子中，其给收听者带来了比具有简单句法的句子更重的处理负担，因此浅层处理可能代表了反映在减少的处理工作量中的资源节约策略。对于老年人来说，这一因素可能更加重要，因为众所周知，老年人的工作记忆资源更有限。本实验以40名老年人(MAGE=75.5岁)和20名年轻人(MAGE=20.7岁)为被试，考察了受试者对主语关系嵌入子句结构简单或宾语关系嵌入子句结构复杂的似是而非句子的理解能力。眼球的瞳孔扩张被记录为加工努力的一个指标。结果证实，对合理句子的理解准确率高于不合理句子，对句法简单的句子的理解准确率高于复杂句法，这两种影响对老年人都有放大作用。对不可信句子的瞳孔最大扩大率的分析表明，年龄、句法复杂性和似是而非之间存在复杂的三向交互作用。结果从句子理解的模型和作为意向任务投入指数的斜视测量法的角度进行了讨论。
There is considerable evidence that listeners’ understanding of a spoken sentence need not always follow from a full analysis of the words and syntax of the utterance. Rather, listeners may instead conduct a superficial analysis, sampling some words and using presumed plausibility to arrive at an understanding of the sentence meaning. Because this latter strategy occurs more often for sentences with complex syntax that place a heavier processing burden on the listener than sentences with simpler syntax, shallow processing may represent a resource conserving strategy reflected in reduced processing effort. This factor may be even more important for older adults who as a group are known to have more limited working memory resources. In the present experiment, 40 older adults (Mage = 75.5 years) and 20 younger adults (Mage = 20.7) were tested for comprehension of plausible and implausible sentences with a simpler subject-relative embedded clause structure or a more complex object-relative embedded clause structure. Dilation of the pupil of the eye was recorded as an index of processing effort. Results confirmed greater comprehension accuracy for plausible than implausible sentences, and for sentences with simpler than more complex syntax, with both effects amplified for the older adults. Analysis of peak pupil dilations for implausible sentences revealed a complex three-way interaction between age, syntactic complexity, and plausibility. Results are discussed in terms of models of sentence comprehension, and pupillometry as an index of intentional task engagement.
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DOI：
10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00071
发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Chapman, Laura Roche;Hallowell, Brooke
通讯作者：
Hallowell, Brooke
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Ferreira, F
通讯作者：
Ferreira, F
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
BEGG, I;DUFT, S;SANVITO, J
通讯作者：
SANVITO, J
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Cooke, A;Zurif, EB;Grossman, M
通讯作者：
Grossman, M
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Ferreira, Fernanda;Patson, Nikole D.
通讯作者：
Patson, Nikole D.