Multiple Diverse Circoviruses Infect Farm Animals and Are Commonly Found in Human and Chimpanzee Feces
Multiple Diverse Circoviruses Infect Farm Animals and Are Commonly Found in Human and Chimpanzee Feces
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.02109-09
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发表时间：
2010-02-15
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Delwart, Eric
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li, Linlin;Kapoor, Amit;Delwart, Eric
已知圆环病毒可感染禽类和猪，并可引起广泛的严重症状，具有重大的经济影响。利用病毒元基因组学，我们从巴基斯坦、尼日利亚、突尼斯和美国的人类粪便样本以及野生黑猩猩的粪便样本中鉴定了类圆环病毒DNA序列和15个环状病毒DNA基因组。不同的基因组特征和系统发育分析表明，一些病毒基因组属于以前未被发现的圆环病毒科中的一个属，我们暂定将其命名为环状病毒，其遗传多样性与圆环病毒属中所有已知物种的遗传多样性相当。在美国成年人粪便中检测到的圆环病毒科仅限于猪圆环病毒，这种病毒也存在于大多数美国猪肉产品中。为了确定在非美国人的粪便中发现的不同的环状病毒是否源于饮食，我们将它们与巴基斯坦和尼日利亚经常食用的农场动物肌肉组织样本中的环状病毒进行了基因比较。人类粪便样本中的环状病毒与当地牛、山羊、绵羊、骆驼和鸡肉样本中的环状病毒之间有限的遗传重叠表明，已确认的25种环状病毒中的大多数可能是人类病毒。我们发现，包括人类在内的各种哺乳动物的小环状DNA病毒基因组的遗传多样性比以前认识的要大得多，通过食用肉类和接触动物或人类粪便的频繁接触为环状病毒的传播提供了充足的机会。在7%到17%的非美国人粪便和3%到55%的非美国肉类样本中发现了环状病毒，现在通过了解它们的基因组，可以更容易地确定环状病毒在人类和动物疾病中的作用。
Circoviruses are known to infect birds and pigs and can cause a wide range of severe symptoms with significant economic impact. Using viral metagenomics, we identified circovirus-like DNA sequences and characterized 15 circular viral DNA genomes in stool samples from humans in Pakistan, Nigeria, Tunisia, and the United States and from wild chimpanzees. Distinct genomic features and phylogenetic analysis indicate that some viral genomes were part of a previously unrecognized genus in the Circoviridae family we tentatively named "Cyclovirus" whose genetic diversity is comparable to that of all the known species in the Circovirus genus. Circoviridae detection in the stools of U. S. adults was limited to porcine circoviruses which were also found in most U. S. pork products. To determine whether the divergent cycloviruses found in non-U.S. human stools were of dietary origin, we genetically compared them to the cycloviruses in muscle tissue samples of commonly eaten farm animals in Pakistan and Nigeria. Limited genetic overlap between cycloviruses in human stool samples and local cow, goat, sheep, camel, and chicken meat samples indicated that the majority of the 25 Cyclovirus species identified might be human viruses. We show that the genetic diversity of small circular DNA viral genomes in various mammals, including humans, is significantly larger than previously recognized, and frequent exposure through meat consumption and contact with animal or human feces provides ample opportunities for cyclovirus transmission. Determining the role of cycloviruses, found in 7 to 17% of non-U.S. human stools and 3 to 55% of non-U.S. meat samples tested, in both human and animal diseases is now facilitated by knowledge of their genomes.