Effectiveness of washing in reducing lead concentrations of lettuce grown in urban garden soils
Effectiveness of washing in reducing lead concentrations of lettuce grown in urban garden soils
复制标题
清洗对降低城市花园土壤中生菜铅浓度的有效性
DOI：
10.1002/jeq2.20357
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
McBride, Murray B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Egendorf, Sara Perl;Li, Emily;He, Elise;Cheng, Zhongqi;Spliethoff, Henry M.;Shayler, Hannah A.;Russell‐Anelli, Jonathan;King, Thomas;McBride, Murray B.
城市园丁为城市的可持续发展做出了贡献，他们通常非常小心地限制接触铅（Pb）等土壤污染物。尽管最佳管理措施（BMPs），如覆盖以减少土壤飞溅，可以限制作物污染，但它们可能无法消除对绿叶蔬菜的所有污染，因为绿叶蔬菜会捕获土壤颗粒。当使用bmp时，清洗去除绿叶蔬菜中的铅污染的效果如何？某些洗涤方法是否比其他方法更有效？我们提出了两个解决这些问题的实验结果。我们在纽约布鲁克林和伊萨卡的高铅（~ 1150 mg kg-1）和低铅（~ 90 mg kg-1）土壤中均质种植莴苣（lacuca sativaL.）。我们的研究结果表明，清洗可以去除生菜中75-94%的铅，包括使用减少污染的bmp后残留的铅。结果表明，冲洗对铅的主要来源——飞溅法的铅去除率为97%，对向下沉淀法的铅去除率为91%。所有的洗涤方法都能有效地降低铅水平，其效果的差异依次为：商业浸泡b>醋浸泡>水浸泡（水冲洗与醋浸泡或水浸泡没有显著差异）。清洗生长在低铅土壤中的作物也很重要。如果不清洗，生长在低铅土壤中的生菜的铅含量仍可能高于欧盟委员会的比较值。我们提供这些实证研究结果和建议，以支持城市种植者。
Urban gardeners contribute to sustainable cities and often take great care to limit exposure to soil contaminants like lead (Pb). Although best management practices (BMPs) like mulching to reduce soil splash can limit crop contamination, they may not eliminate all contamination for leafy greens, which trap soil particles. How effective is washing at removing Pb contamination from leafy greens when using BMPs? Are certain washing techniques more effective than others? We present results from two experiments addressing these questions. We grew lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.) in homogenized high‐Pb (∼1,150 mg kg–1) and low‐Pb (∼90 mg kg–1) soils in Brooklyn, NY, and Ithaca, NY. Our results show that washing can remove 75–94% of Pb from lettuce, including that remaining after the use of contamination‐reducing BMPs. It was estimated that washing removed 97% of Pb deposited by splash, which is the dominant source of Pb, and removed 91% deposited by downward deposition. All washing techniques were effective at reducing Pb levels, with differences in effectiveness ranked as: commercial soak > vinegar soak > water soak (and water rinse not significantly different from vinegar or water soak). Washing crops grown in low‐Pb soils is also important. Without washing, lettuce grown in low‐Pb soil may still have Pb levels above the European Commission comparison value. We offer these empirical findings and recommendations in support of urban growers.