Multiple Pathogens Including Potential New Species in Tick Vectors in Côte d'Ivoire.
Multiple Pathogens Including Potential New Species in Tick Vectors in Côte d'Ivoire.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004367
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Mediannikov O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ehounoud CB;Yao KP;Dahmani M;Achi YL;Amanzougaghene N;Kacou N'Douba A;N'Guessan JD;Raoult D;Fenollar F;Mediannikov O
我们的研究旨在评估在科特迪瓦两个地区收集的蜱虫中是否存在不同病原体。使用实时 PCR 和标准 PCR 检测结合测序。鉴定并分析了三百七十八 (378) 只蜱（170 只花斑蜱、161 只小扇头蜱、3 只塞内加尔扇头蜱、27 只透明质蜱、16 只边缘透明质蜱和 1 只透明质蜱）。我们鉴定出Am中的致病菌为非洲立克次体。 variegatum (90%)、Rh. microplus (10%) 和 Hyalomma spp. (9%)，Hyalomma spp. 中的埃氏立克次体。 (23%)，Rh 中的马西立克次体。塞内加尔 (33%) 以及伯氏柯克斯体 (0.2%)、伯氏疏螺旋体 (Borrelia sp.)。所有蜱中，无形体占 0.2%，中央无形体占 0.2%，边缘无形体占 0.5%，反刍埃里希体占 0.5%。检测到了伯氏疏螺旋体、无形体和沃尔巴克氏体的潜在新种。 Candidatus Africana 和 Candidatus Borrelia ivorensis（在三只蜱中检测到）在系统发育上与回归热组和莱姆病组疏螺旋体均较远；两者均在 Am 中检测到。杂色。鉴定出无形体科细菌的四种新基因型，即 Candidatus Anaplasma ivorensis（在 3 只蜱中检测到）、Candidatus Ehrlichia urmitei（在 9 只蜱中检测到）、Candidatus Ehrlichia rustica（在 4 只蜱中检测到）和 Candidatus Wolbachia ivorensis（在 1 只蜱中检测到）。我们首次证明了科特迪瓦蜱虫中存在不同的病原体，例如埃施利曼氏杆菌、伯内氏衣原体、伯氏疏螺旋体、中央蜱虫、边缘蜱虫和反刍动物蜱，以及未知致病性的潜在新物种。发热性疾病的管理对撒哈拉以南非洲地区来说是一个真正的挑战。直到最近，其中大多数还被认为是疟疾。然而，研究表明，非洲农村地区（例如塞内加尔）的大部分非疟疾发热性疾病可能是由蜱传感染引起的。不幸的是，没有关于科特迪瓦蜱传疾病的流行率和发病率及其在公共卫生中的作用的数据。我们的目的是寻找蜱虫中的不同致病菌，以了解是否存在蜱传疾病的背景。我们检测到了导致许多传染病的致病菌，如立克次体（斑点热）、疏螺旋体（回归热）、无形体、埃利希体（埃利希体病和无形体病）和伯氏柯克斯体（Q 热）。这些发现表明，与其他撒哈拉以南非洲国家一样，蜱传疾病可能被视为科特迪瓦的一个卫生保健问题。
Our study aimed to assess the presence of different pathogens in ticks collected in two regions in Côte d’Ivoire. Real-time PCR and standard PCR assays coupled to sequencing were used. Three hundred and seventy eight (378) ticks (170 Amblyomma variegatum, 161 Rhipicepalus microplus, 3 Rhipicephalus senegalensis, 27 Hyalomma truncatum, 16 Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, and 1 Hyalomma impressum) were identified and analyzed. We identified as pathogenic bacteria, Rickettsia africae in Am. variegatum (90%), Rh. microplus (10%) and Hyalomma spp. (9%), Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Hyalomma spp. (23%), Rickettsia massiliae in Rh. senegalensis (33%) as well as Coxiella burnetii in 0.2%, Borrelia sp. in 0.2%, Anaplasma centrale in 0.2%, Anaplasma marginale in 0.5%, and Ehrlichia ruminantium in 0.5% of all ticks. Potential new species of Borrelia, Anaplasma, and Wolbachia were detected. Candidatus Borrelia africana and Candidatus Borrelia ivorensis (detected in three ticks) are phylogenetically distant from both the relapsing fever group and Lyme disease group borreliae; both were detected in Am. variegatum. Four new genotypes of bacteria from the Anaplasmataceae family were identified, namely Candidatus Anaplasma ivorensis (detected in three ticks), Candidatus Ehrlichia urmitei (in nine ticks), Candidatus Ehrlichia rustica (in four ticks), and Candidatus Wolbachia ivorensis (in one tick). For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of different pathogens such as R. aeschlimannii, C. burnetii, Borrelia sp., A. centrale, A. marginale, and E. ruminantium in ticks in Côte d’Ivoire as well as potential new species of unknown pathogenicity. The management of febrile illnesses represents a veritable challenge in sub Saharan-Africa. Until recently most of them were considered as malaria. However, it was showed that a large part of non-malarial febrile diseases in African rural regions (for instance, in Senegal) may be caused by tick-borne infections. Unfortunately, no data exist about the prevalence and incidence of tick-borne diseases in Côte d'Ivoire and their role in public health. We aimed to search for different pathogenic bacteria in ticks in order to understand if there is the background for tick-borne diseases. We detected pathogenic bacteria responsible for many infectious diseases like Rickettsia (spotted fevers), Borrelia (relapsing fevers), Anaplasma, Ehrlichia (ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis) and Coxiella burnetii (Q fever). These finding suggested that, as in others sub-Saharan African countries, tick-borne disease may be considered as a health care problem in Cote d'Ivoire.