Combining economic and fluid dynamic models to determine the optimal spacing in very large wind farms
Combining economic and fluid dynamic models to determine the optimal spacing in very large wind farms
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结合经济模型和流体动力学模型来确定超大型风电场的最佳间距
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Meneveau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Stevens;B. Hobbs;A. Ramos;C. Meneveau
风电涡轮机间距是风电场的重要设计参数。由于尾流效应，将涡轮机放置得太近会降低它们的功率提取，并且由于不稳定负载而增加维护成本。相反，将它们放置得更远会增加土地和布线成本以及电阻损失。非常大的风力发电场，其中的流动条件可以被认为是“充分发展”的渐近极限提供了一个有用的框架，研究一般趋势的最佳布局作为无量纲成本参数的函数。Meyers和Meneveau的早期分析工作（Wind Energy 15，305-317（2012））揭示，在非常大的风力发电场的限制下，考虑到涡轮机和土地成本的最佳涡轮机间距显著大于在典型的现有风力发电场中发现的值。在这里，我们概括的分析，包括电缆和维护成本的最佳风力涡轮机间距在非常大的风力发电场在各种经济标准的影响。对于边际利润的风电场，最小成本和最大利润涡轮机间距一致。假设基于线性和基于面积的成本代表海上或陆上场地，我们获得了非常大的风电场间距，这些间距往往明显大于实际风电场的间距，这证实了早期的结果，但现在包括电缆成本。然而，我们稍后表明，如果风力发电场是高利润的，那么优化每单位面积的利润会导致更紧密的最佳间距比将意味着成本最小化。此外，我们调查的风电场布局的类型的影响。© 2016作者风能出版由约翰威利父子有限公司
Wind turbine spacing is an important design parameter for wind farms. Placing turbines too close together reduces their power extraction because of wake effects and increases maintenance costs because of unsteady loading. Conversely, placing them further apart increases land and cabling costs, as well as electrical resistance losses. The asymptotic limit of very large wind farms in which the flow conditions can be considered ‘fully developed’ provides a useful framework for studying general trends in optimal layouts as a function of dimensionless cost parameters. Earlier analytical work by Meyers and Meneveau (Wind Energy 15, 305–317 (2012)) revealed that in the limit of very large wind farms, the optimal turbine spacing accounting for the turbine and land costs is significantly larger than the value found in typical existing wind farms. Here, we generalize the analysis to include effects of cable and maintenance costs upon optimal wind turbine spacing in very large wind farms under various economic criteria. For marginally profitable wind farms, minimum cost and maximum profit turbine spacings coincide. Assuming linear-based and area-based costs that are representative of either offshore or onshore sites we obtain for very large wind farms spacings that tend to be appreciably greater than occurring in actual farms confirming earlier results but now including cabling costs. However, we show later that if wind farms are highly profitable then optimization of the profit per unit area leads to tighter optimal spacings than would be implied by cost minimization. In addition, we investigate the influence of the type of wind farm layout. © 2016 The Authors Wind Energy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd