Escaping from American intelligence: culture, ethnocentrism and the Anglosphere
Escaping from American intelligence: culture, ethnocentrism and the Anglosphere
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逃离美国情报：文化、种族中心主义和英语圈
DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01116.x
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
ALDRICH R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALDRICH R
美国及其最亲密的盟友现在每年在情报方面的支出超过 1000 亿美元。 9/11 十年后，智能机器肯定更大，但不一定更好。美国情报部门继续优先考虑为政策制定者提供老式战略分析，并对不对称安全威胁采取技术官僚方法，其体现是加速使用无人机袭击和数据挖掘。杰出的评论家将注意力集中在自上而下改革的灵丹妙药上，而政治家和实践者则创建了全新的机构。然而，由于盎格鲁撒克逊人对智力的基本假设，这些变革的处方在概念上仍然有限。尽管情报是一项全球性业务，但当我们谈论情报时，我们倾向于使用狭义源自美国及其英语星云经验的词汇。本文运用战略文化的概念来解释其原因。然后，它探讨了中国和南非的案例，以建议我们如何开始重新思考我们的情报部门及其任务。它认为成功之路取决于个人、态度和文化，而不是组织。未来的改进将取决于我们是否有能力认识到安全环境不断变化的性质并实践“民间智慧”的艺术。虽然美国仍然是世界上最重要的军事强国，但其战略文化不适合这种新形势，可以说其他国家已经更好地适应了。
The United States and its closest allies now spend over $100 billion a year on intelligence. Ten years after 9/11, the intelligence machine is certainly bigger—but not necessarily better. American intelligence continues to privilege old-fashioned strategic analysis for policy-makers and exhibits a technocratic approach to asymmetric security threats, epitomized by the accelerated use of drone strikes and data-mining. Distinguished commentators have focused on the panacea of top-down reform, while politicians and practitioners have created entirely new agencies. However, these prescriptions for change remain conceptually limited because of underlying Anglo-Saxon presumptions about what intelligence is. Although intelligence is a global business, when we talk about intelligence we tend to use a vocabulary that is narrowly derived from the experiences of America and its English-speaking nebula. This article deploys the notion of strategic culture to explain why this is. It then explores the cases of China and South Africa to suggest how we might begin to rethink our intelligence communities and their tasks. It argues that the road to success is about individuals, attitudes and cultures rather than organizations. Future improvement will depend on our ability to recognize the changing nature of the security environment and to practise the art of ‘intelligence among the people’. While the United States remains the world's most significant military power, its strategic culture is unsuited to this new terrain and arguably other countries have adapted to it better.