Spatiotemporal characteristics, patterns, and causes of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s
Spatiotemporal characteristics, patterns, and causes of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s
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DOI：
10.1007/s11442-014-1082-6
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Chi Wenfeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu Jiyuan;Kuang Wenhui;Chi Wenfeng
土地利用/土地覆盖变化与人类和自然的相互作用有联系。从20世纪80年代末到2010年，中国土地利用/覆盖数据集（CLUDs）基于Landsat TMETM+影像，以5年为周期定期更新。提出了一种土地利用动态区划方法，对主要土地利用转换进行分析。在此基础上，分析了全国土地利用变化的时空特征、差异及其成因。主要研究结果总结如下：近20 a（1990—2010）中国土地利用变化呈现出显著的时空变化特征。耕地变化面积呈南减北增的趋势，但总面积基本保持不变。复垦耕地由东北向西北转移。建成区扩张迅速，主要分布在东部，并逐渐向中西部扩散。林地面积先减少后增加，而沙漠面积则相反。草地继续减少。20世纪末至21世纪初，中国土地利用变化呈现出不同的空间格局。原来的13个LUC区域被15个单元取代，其中一些区域的边界发生了变化。这些变化的主要空间特征包括：(1)黄淮海地区、东南沿海地区、长江中游地区和四川盆地建设用地加速扩张；(2)北方土地开垦由东北和内蒙古东部向西北绿洲农业区转移；(3)东北地区旱作农田持续向水田转变；(4)退耕还林工程在内蒙古南部农牧交错带、黄土高原和西南山区的效果。近20年来，虽然北方气候变化影响了耕地变化，但政策调控和经济驱动力仍是中国土地利用变化的主要原因。21世纪前10年，驱动土地利用格局变化的人为因素已从强调单向土地开发转向强调开发与保护并重。采用“动态区划法”分析了分区边界空间格局的变化、分区内部特征和单元的增减。研究结果揭示了“变化过程的格局”，即土地利用价值变化的过程和不同阶段特征的区域差异。研究了这一动态土地覆被分带的增减、单元边界的变化以及前后几十年变化强度的特征。探讨了土地利用“格局”与“过程”交替转换的规律，以及不同类型、不同区域土地利用变化的原因。
Land-use/land-cover changes (LUCCs) have links to both human and nature interactions. China's Land-Use/cover Datasets (CLUDs) were updated regularly at 5-year intervals from the late 1980s to 2010, with standard procedures based on Landsat TMETM+ images. A land-use dynamic regionalization method was proposed to analyze major land-use conversions. The spatiotemporal characteristics, differences, and causes of land-use changes at a national scale were then examined. The main findings are summarized as follows.Land-use changes (LUCs) across China indicated a significant variation in spatial and temporal characteristics in the last 20 years (1990-2010). The area of cropland change decreased in the south and increased in the north, but the total area remained almost unchanged. The reclaimed cropland was shifted from the northeast to the northwest. The built-up lands expanded rapidly, were mainly distributed in the east, and gradually spread out to central and western China. Woodland decreased first, and then increased, but desert area was the opposite. Grassland continued decreasing. Different spatial patterns of LUC in China were found between the late 20th century and the early 21st century. The original 13 LUC zones were replaced by 15 units with changes of boundaries in some zones. The main spatial characteristics of these changes included (1) an accelerated expansion of built-up land in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the southeastern coastal areas, the midstream area of the Yangtze River, and the Sichuan Basin; (2) shifted land reclamation in the north from northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia to the oasis agricultural areas in northwest China; (3) continuous transformation from rain-fed farmlands in northeast China to paddy fields; and (4) effectiveness of the "Grain for Green" project in the southern agricultural-pastoral ecotones of Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau, and southwestern mountainous areas. In the last two decades, although climate change in the north affected the change in cropland, policy regulation and economic driving forces were still the primary causes of LUC across China. During the first decade of the 21st century, the anthropogenic factors that drove variations in land-use patterns have shifted the emphasis from one-way land development to both development and conservation.The "dynamic regionalization method" was used to analyze changes in the spatial patterns of zoning boundaries, the internal characteristics of zones, and the growth and decrease of units. The results revealed "the pattern of the change process," namely the process of LUC and regional differences in characteristics at different stages. The growth and decrease of zones during this dynamic LUC zoning, variations in unit boundaries, and the characteristics of change intensities between the former and latter decades were examined. The patterns of alternative transformation between the "pattern" and "process" of land use and the causes for changes in different types and different regions of land use were explored.