Speech breathing and the Lombard effect.
Speech breathing and the Lombard effect.
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言语呼吸和伦巴第效应。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pamela J. Davis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alison L. Winkworth;Pamela J. Davis
呼吸测量使用线性磁力计放置前后超过5个健康的年轻女性的肋骨架和肋骨。背景噪音通过耳机同时引入，同时以55分贝（“中等噪音”）和70分贝（“高噪音”）的双耳呈现“胡言乱语”。在口头阅读和自发独白期间的语音用位于嘴唇附近的麦克风进行转换，由此导出说话强度信号（dBA）。受试者被指示在噪音条件下说话，但没有指示改变说话强度。与“无噪声”条件相比，所有受试者的说话强度在中等和高噪声条件下的言语任务中都显着增加，从而复制了有据可查的Lombard效应。没有观察到肺容量变化的一致趋势，与语音强度随噪声水平增加而线性增加相反。对于较高的语音强度，在中等和高噪声条件下，启动和终止肺容量增加或减少。这些初步的研究结果表明，当语音强度增加后，通过耳机引入噪音，而不是通过具体的指令说得更大声，扬声器采用可变肺容量的强度控制策略。
Respiratory measurements were made using linearized magnetometers placed antero-posteriorly over the rib cages and abdomens of five healthy young women. Background noise was introduced over headphones simultaneously as "babble" presented binaurally at 55 dB ("moderate noise") and 70 dB ("high noise"). Speech during oral reading and spontaneous monologue was transduced with a microphone positioned near the lips, from which a speaking intensity signal (dBA) was derived. Subjects were instructed to speak during the noise conditions, but no instruction was given to alter speaking intensity. Compared with a "no noise" condition, the speaking intensities of all the subjects increased significantly for both speech tasks in the moderate and high noise conditions, thereby replicating the well-documented Lombard effect. No consistent trend of lung volume change was observed, in contrast to the linear increases in speech intensity as the noise level increased. For the higher speech intensities during the moderate and high noise conditions both initiation and termination lung volumes either increased or decreased. These preliminary findings suggest that when speech intensity is increased following the introduction of noise via headphones rather than by specific instruction to speak more loudly, speakers employ variable lung volume strategies for intensity control.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
VANSUMMERS, W;PISONI, DB;STOKES, MA
通讯作者：
STOKES, MA
演讲者和歌手的声音强度。
DOI：
10.1121/1.402929
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Titze,IR;Sundberg,J
通讯作者：
Sundberg,J
声音强度变化期间女性和男性的呼吸和喉部功能。
DOI：
10.1044/jshr.3601.64
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
Journal of speech and hearing research
影响因子：
--
作者：
Stathopoulos,ET;Sapienza,C
通讯作者：
Sapienza,C
声音效率与声音强度的关系：一项针对儿童、女性和男性的研究。
DOI：
10.1121/1.412062
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Tang,J;Stathopoulos,ET
通讯作者：
Stathopoulos,ET