Modulation of the immune response and tumor growth by activated Ras.
Modulation of the immune response and tumor growth by activated Ras.
复制标题
激活的 Ras 调节免疫反应和肿瘤生长。
DOI：
10.1038/sj.leu.2401367
复制
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Kast,WM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weijzen,S;Velders,MP;Kast,WM
As a result of its transforming abilities, activated Ras is expressed in a great number of cancers. The ras mutation frequency varies between 95% in pancreatic cancer and 5% in breast cancer. In leukemia, the highest frequency (30%) is found in acute myeloid leukemia. The presence of ras mutations has been correlated with a poor prognosis and negative clinical outcome. This suggests that mutated Ras activates mechanisms, which favor tumor growth, enhance the metastatic capacity of tumors or modulate tumor-specific immune responses. Several new functions of Ras, such as downregulation of major histocompatibility complex molecules, upregulation of certain cytokines, growth factors and degradative enzymes have been uncovered in the last decade. Additionally, mutated Ras can also serve as a primary target for the development of immunotherapy or drug therapy. This review will discuss the mechanisms by which Ras expressing tumors are able to evade destruction by the immune system and enhance their growth and metastatic potential. It will further elaborate on the attempts to develop successful immunotherapy and drug therapy targeting Ras expressing tumors.
