Early life stress moderates the relationship between age and prosocial behaviors.
Early life stress moderates the relationship between age and prosocial behaviors.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104029
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发表时间：
2019-08
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Robert J. Jirsaraie;K. Ranby;D. Albeck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Robert J. Jirsaraie;K. Ranby;D. Albeck
研究背景一些研究表明，亲社会行为随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加，但其他研究表明，亲社会行为是固定的特征，在整个生命周期中只有微小的波动。早期生活压力可能有助于解释这些不一致，因为不同类型的压力与亲社会行为呈负相关或正相关。目前的调查使用了两项研究来测试不同类型的早期生活压力是否会调节年龄和亲社会行为之间的关联。参与者和设置研究1招募了18-35岁的本科生（n = 69），研究2对499名年龄在18- 74岁之间的亚马逊机械土耳其人进行了调查。方法研究1采用行为经济学任务来测量合作和慈善精神，研究2采用在线问卷调查的方法测量助人态度。结果适度性分析显示，年龄与合作态度之间的关联因有家庭暴力史而显著减弱（β=-0.37，p = 0.002）、社区暴力（β=-0.30，p = 0.012）、情感虐待（β=-0.27，p = 0.026）和早期生活压力的总体概括评分（β=-0.33，p = 0.006）。年龄与慈善性之间的关系仅因家庭暴力而减弱（β=-0.24，p = 0.048）。年龄与助人态度之间的关联因家庭暴力而减弱（β=-0.10，p = 0.023），社区暴力（β=-0.13，p = 0.003），以及身体忽视（β=-0.11，p = 0.018）。结论总的来说，这些结果表明，某些类型的早期生活压力，特别是暴露于暴力环境，可能会降低一生中亲社会行为增加的可能性。这项研究表明，亲社会行为的年龄相关的影响可能不是普遍的，而是取决于儿童压力的个体差异。
BackgroundSeveral studies suggest that prosocial behaviors gradually increase with age, but others report that prosocial behaviors are fixed traits with only minor fluctuations throughout the lifespan. Early life stress may help explain these inconsistencies, as distinct types of stress have been negatively or positively associated with prosocial behaviors.ObjectiveThis current investigation used two studies to test whether distinct types of early life stress moderated the association between age and prosocial behavior.Participants and settingStudy 1 recruited undergraduate students (n = 69) between the ages of 18–35, and Study 2 was conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk responders (n = 499) whose ages ranged from 18-74.MethodsStudy 1 employed behavioral economic tasks to measure cooperation and charitability, while Study 2 utilized an online survey to measure helping attitudes.ResultsModeration analyses revealed the association between age and cooperation was significantly weakened by a history of family violence (β=−0.37,p = 0.002), community violence (β=−0.30,p = 0.012), emotional abuse (β=−0.27,p = 0.026), and an overall summary score of early life stress (β=−0.33,p = 0.006). The relationship between age and charitability was only weakened by family violence (β=−0.24,p = 0.048). The association between age and helping attitudes was weakened by family violence (β=−0.10, p = 0.023), community violence (β=−0.13,p = 0.003), and physical neglect (β=−0.11,p = 0.018).ConclusionsCollectively, these results suggest that some types of early life stress, especially exposure to violent environments, may reduce the likelihood of prosocial behaviors increasing throughout the lifespan. This study suggests that age-related effects on prosocial behaviors may not be universal, but rather depend on individual differences in childhood stress.