Low cost mobile mapping systems: an Italian experience
Low cost mobile mapping systems: an Italian experience
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低成本移动地图系统：意大利经验
DOI：
10.1109/plans.2008.4570077
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Lingua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marco Piras;A. Cina;A. Lingua
道路地籍测绘是意大利目前感兴趣的一个话题，因为每个地区都必须准备一份。主要问题是如何在短时间内获得准确、低成本的产品。如今，有很多工具可以解决这一问题：移动地图就是其中之一。有不同的集成系统(全球导航卫星系统、IMU、摄像机)可供使用，以实现准确和快速的测绘。这些系统通常都很昂贵。从以往的一些国际经验出发，开发了一个低成本的移动测绘系统，该系统使用2个全球导航卫星系统接收器、1个IMU、1个数码摄像机和一些专用软件工具来校准、管理和使用该系统。这些装置安装在一个特定的横杆上，该横杆安装在一辆标准车辆的车顶上。这允许使用摄像机记录图像，并直接对单帧进行地理参考。该系统必须首先使用特殊的控制网络进行校准；这样，就可以在任何车辆上使用该平台，并且该系统完全独立于支持。记录的视频被分成单帧，每一帧都使用全球导航卫星系统和IMU数据进行地理参考。此外，每一帧都用来识别道路上的单一细节(即交通信号)，这些细节是道路地籍地图的主要组成部分。然后可以重建道路轴线和两个轨迹之间的平均值。开发了专门用于定义每个轴的专用软件。其目的是以亚米级精度恢复轴的位置。使用了一种特殊的算法，该算法考虑了轴之间的正交距离。该系统经过了几公里的测试：考虑到意大利法律对道路地籍测绘的限制，已经估计了形状、轴线和道路的准确性。本文叙述了所获得的结果，特别是浮雕的精度、质量和校准过程。这项工作的主要成果是有可能获得一个低成本的移动地图系统(约25克朗)，具有良好的精度，适用于任何类型的车辆。
Road cadastre mapping is a topic of current interest in Italy because each Region has to prepare one. The main problem is to obtain an accurate low cost product but in a brief operational time. Nowadays, many tools exist to solve this problem: one of these is the mobile mapping. Different integrated systems (GNSS, IMU, video camera) are available that allow accurate and quick mapping. These systems are usually expensive. Starting from some previous international experience, a low cost mobile mapping system has been developed that employs 2 GNSS receivers, 1 IMU, 1 digital video camera and some dedicated software tools to calibrate, manage and use the system. These devices have been installed on a particular crossbar, which was installed on the roof of a standard vehicle. This allows the images to be recorded using the video camera and single frames are directly georeferenced. This system must be first calibrated using a special control network; in this way, it is possible to use this platform on any vehicle and the system is completely independent of the support. The recorded videos are divided into single frames and each one is georeferencing using GNSS and IMU data. Moreover each frame is used to identify the single details on the road (i.e. traffic signal) which are the main components of the road cadastre map. It is then possible to reconstruct the roadway axis and the average between two trajectories. A special software devoted to defining each axis has been developed. The aim is to recover the position of the axis with submetric accuracy. A special algorithm has been used, which works considering the ortho distance between the axes. This system has been tested over several kilometres: accuracy of the shape, axes and roadways has been estimated, considering the limits imposed by Italian law about road cadastral mapping. The results obtained, in particular the accuracy of the relief, the quality and the calibration procedures are described in this paper. The main product of this work is that it is possible to obtain a low cost mobile mapping system (about 25 Keuro), with a good accuracy which is useful for any kind of vehicle.