The Independent Volcanic Eruption Source Parameter Archive (IVESPA, version 1.0): A new observational database to support explosive eruptive column model validation and development
The Independent Volcanic Eruption Source Parameter Archive (IVESPA, version 1.0): A new observational database to support explosive eruptive column model validation and development
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107295
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发表时间：
2021-06-27
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Anja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aubry, Thomas J.;Engwell, Samantha;Schmidt, Anja
喷发柱模型是研究火山气体和火山灰输送、重建过去的爆炸性喷发以及模拟未来危险的强大工具。然而，这些模型的评估具有挑战性，因为它需要对主要模型输入（例如质量喷发率）和输出（例如柱高度）进行独立估计。不存在广泛的、标准化的、维护的和基于共识的独立估计的喷发源参数（ESP）数据库。本文介绍了独立火山喷发源参数档案 (IVESPA, ivespa.co.uk)，这是一项得到国际火山学和地球内部化学协会 (IAVCEI) 火山灰灾害建模委员会认可的社区成果。我们编制了 1902 年至 2016 年期间 134 次爆炸性喷发事件的数据，并进行了独立估计： i) 坠落沉积物的喷发总质量； ii) 持续时间； iii) 喷发柱高度； iv) 大气条件。至关重要的是，我们区分羽流顶部与伞状展开高度，以及灰烬高度与二氧化硫喷射高度。提供的所有参数值均已由至少两名专家独立审核。不确定性被系统地量化，包括描述每个估计所需的文献解释程度的标志。 IVESPA 还包括一系列附加参数，例如总粒度分布、喷发类型、羽流形态（弱与强）以及火山碎屑密度流的质量贡献（如果有）。我们讨论了 IVESPA 的未来发展和潜在应用，并就报告 ESP 提出建议，以最大限度地提高其在不同应用程序中的可用性。 IVESPA 涵盖了前所未有的 ESP 范围，因此可用于使用标准化数据集评估和开发各种条件下的喷发柱模型。 (C) 2021 作者。由 Elsevier B.V 出版。这是一篇基于 CC BY 许可证 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 的开放获取文章。
Eruptive column models are powerful tools for investigating the transport of volcanic gas and ash, reconstructing past explosive eruptions, and simulating future hazards. However, the evaluation of these models is challenging as it requires independent estimates of the main model inputs (e.g. mass eruption rate) and outputs (e.g. column height). There exists no database of independently estimated eruption source parameters (ESPs) that is extensive, standardized, maintained, and consensus-based. This paper introduces the Independent Volcanic Eruption Source Parameter Archive (IVESPA, ivespa.co.uk), a community effort endorsed by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) Commission on Tephra Hazard Modelling. We compiled data for 134 explosive eruptive events, spanning the 1902-2016 period, with independent estimates of: i) total erupted mass of fall deposits; ii) duration; iii) eruption column height; and iv) atmospheric conditions. Crucially, we distinguish plume top versus umbrella spreading height, and the height of ash versus sulphur dioxide injection. All parameter values provided have been vetted independently by at least two experts. Uncertainties are quantified systematically, including flags to describe the degree of interpretation of the literature required for each estimate. IVESPA also includes a range of additional parameters such as total grain size distribution, eruption style, morphology of the plume (weak versus strong), and mass contribution from pyroclastic density currents, where available. We discuss the future developments and potential applications of IVESPA and make recommendations for reporting ESPs to maximize their usability across different applications. IVESPA covers an unprecedented range of ESPs and can therefore be used to evaluate and develop eruptive column models across a wide range of conditions using a standardized dataset. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).