Glycomic Mapping of the Maize Plant Points to Greater Utilization of the Entire Plant
Glycomic Mapping of the Maize Plant Points to Greater Utilization of the Entire Plant
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DOI：
10.1021/acsfoodscitech.1c00318
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发表时间：
2021-12-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lebrilla, Carlito B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Couture, Garret;Vo, Thai-Thanh T.;Lebrilla, Carlito B.
如果能够更多地利用植物，就有可能实现粮食可持续性的目标。在玉米中，目前只有玉米粒用于人类消费;然而，可用作膳食纤维的可食用碳水化合物存在于整个植物中。获得了玉米植物的糖组学图谱，提供了碳水化合物分布的广泛结构视图，揭示了非纤维素材料自始至终存在。新开发的快速通过液相色谱串联质谱为基础的方法，用于分析单糖和键合组成显示独特的结构特征，在各自的节段和部分的植物从根到雄穗。监测的14种单糖中最丰富的单糖包括葡萄糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖。此外，半乳糖、果糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸的丰度较低。各单糖的相对丰度因植物部位而异。连接组合物也变化，并提供进一步的结构信息，包括多糖如木聚糖，淀粉，果胶，木葡聚糖，阿拉伯聚糖，半乳聚糖和β-葡聚糖的存在。非结构性碳水化合物组分，包括游离单糖和二糖也进行了测量，以提供其丰度的独特地理图。玉米的糖组学图谱将指导传统的植物育种方法和新的基因组编辑工具，使其对具有独特和特定功能效用的碳水化合物聚合物进行组织特异性增强。
The goal of food sustainability is possible if greater utilization of plants is achieved. In corn, only the kernels are currently used for human consumption; however, edible carbohydrates that may function as dietary fiber are present throughout the plant. A glycomic map of the maize plant was obtained providing a broad structural view of the carbohydrate distribution revealing that non-cellulosic material was present throughout. Newly developed rapid throughput liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based methods for analyzing monosaccharide and linkage compositions show unique structural features in the respective segments and parts of the plants from the roots to the tassel. The most abundant monosaccharides of the 14 that were monitored included glucose, xylose, and arabinose. Additionally, galactose, fructose, rhamnose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid were found in lower abundances. The relative abundances of each monosaccharide varied with the parts of the plants. Linkage compositions also varied and provided further structural information that included the presence of polysaccharides such as xylans, starch, pectins, xyloglucans, arabinans, galactans, and beta-glucans. The nonstructural carbohydrate components including the free mono- and disaccharides were also measured to provide a unique geographical map of their abundances. The glycomic map of corn would guide traditional plant breeding methods and new genome editing tools toward tissue-specific enhancements of carbohydrate polymers that have unique and specific functional utility.