Population Demography and Genetic Diversity in the Pleistocene Cave Lion
Population Demography and Genetic Diversity in the Pleistocene Cave Lion
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DOI：
10.5334/oq.aa
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dalen, Love
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作者：
Ersmark, Erik;Orlando, Ludovic;Dalen, Love
洞穴狮（Panthera spelaea）是晚更新世最广泛的食肉动物之一，其活动范围覆盖了欧亚大陆北部的大部分地区和北美的部分地区。早期的古代DNA分析表明，它与现代狮子不同，并表明在海洋同位素阶段3 （MIS 3）期间，白令陆桥的人口数量下降。在这里，我们通过结合一个强大的算法，在近似贝叶斯计算框架下将MCMC与coalescent模拟相结合，进一步详细研究了晚更新世的种群动态。我们使用了先前发表的（n = 34）古代DNA数据集和新的放射性碳定年标本（n = 14）。基于线粒体控制区和ATP8基因的系统发育和网络分析确定了两个主要的单倍群，其中一个似乎在41000年前消失。近似贝叶斯计算分析表明，白令陆桥有效种群规模（Ne）的下降幅度至少为2倍，从大约47,000 cal a BP开始，随后Ne增加，最有可能在18,000 cal a BP左右。洞穴狮子在MIS 3期间经历了一个人口瓶颈，这个瓶颈可能持续了数万年，直到物种灭绝前不久才恢复。在MIS 3期间，白令陆桥其他一些大型哺乳动物物种的遗传多样性也出现了类似的下降，这表明在这段时间内，主要的环境变化可能影响了大型动物种群。
With a range that covered most of northern Eurasia and parts of North America, the cave lion (Panthera spelaea) was one of the most widespread carnivores of the Late Pleistocene. Earlier ancient DNA analyses have shown that it is distinct from modern lions, and have suggested a demographic decline in Beringia during marine isotope stage 3 (MIS 3). Here, we further investigate the Late Pleistocene population dynamics in more detail by combining a powerful algorithm that couples MCMC with coalescent simulations under an approximate Bayesian computation framework. We use an ancient DNA dataset of previously published (n = 34) and new radiocarbon dated specimens (n = 14). Phylogenetic and network analyses based on the mitochondrial control region and the ATP8 gene identified two major haplogroups, one of which appears to vanish around 41,000 cal a BP. The approximate Bayesian computation analysis suggested a decline in effective population size (Ne) in Beringia of at least a 2-fold magnitude that began approximately 47,000 cal a BP, followed by an increase in Ne, most likely around 18,000 cal a BP. The cave lion went through a demographic bottleneck during MIS 3, which may have lasted for several tens of thousands of years, and only recovered shortly before the species' extinction. Several other large mammal species display similar declines in genetic diversity in Beringia during MIS 3, suggesting that major environmental changes might have affected megafaunal populations during this time period.