Membrane ectopeptidases targeted by human coronaviruses
Membrane ectopeptidases targeted by human coronaviruses
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coviro.2014.03.011
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Haagmans, Bart L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bosch, Berend Jan;Smits, Saskia L.;Haagmans, Bart L.
已知有六种冠状病毒，包括最近发现的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒，以人类呼吸道为目标，导致轻度至重度疾病。它们与呼吸道细胞上表达的受体的相互作用是感染的重要第一步。迄今为止，三种膜外肽酶，即二肽基肽酶 4 (DPP4)、血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2) 和氨肽酶 N (APN)，已被确定为四种人类感染冠状病毒的进入受体。尽管 ACE2、APN 和 DPP4 肽酶的催化活性不是病毒进入所必需的，但其他宿主蛋白酶的共表达可以实现病毒的有效进入。此外，这些受体的进化保守性可能允许种间传播。由于这些肽酶系统的生理功能，致病性宿主反应可能会被放大并导致急性呼吸窘迫。
Six coronaviruses, including the recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, are known to target the human respiratory tract causing mild to severe disease. Their interaction with receptors expressed on cells located in the respiratory tract is an essential first step in the infection. Thus far three membrane ectopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and aminopeptidase N (APN), have been identified as entry receptors for four human-infecting coronaviruses. Although the catalytic activity of the ACE2, APN, and DPP4 peptidases is not required for virus entry, co-expression of other host proteases allows efficient viral entry. In addition, evolutionary conservation of these receptors may permit interspecies transmissions. Because of the physiological function of these peptidase systems, pathogenic host responses may be potentially amplified and cause acute respiratory distress.