Life History and Stress Response of Scleractinian Corals
Life History and Stress Response of Scleractinian Corals
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DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-54364-0_1
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hidaka, Michio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hidaka, Michio
与虫黄藻（共生甲藻）共生和高克隆繁殖和再生能力是造礁珊瑚的重要生活史特征。本章回顾了造礁珊瑚的生活史和珊瑚与藻类共生体之间的共生关系，并讨论了可能的协同防御系统对环境压力以及珊瑚虫黄藻共生系统对环境变化的适应机制。大多数珊瑚与一种主要类型的共生体相关联，尽管在一个群体中经常检测到次要或隐蔽的共生体类型。珊瑚宿主和藻类共生体之间的联系似乎是稳定的，当珊瑚从漂白中恢复时，最初的共生体往往会恢复。一些珊瑚，如巨大的滨珊瑚，对某些类型的藻类共生体表现出高度的忠诚度，仍然具有很高的压力耐受性以及很长的寿命，这表明在这种长寿的菌落中的干细胞和藻类共生体细胞积累突变的可能性;反过来，如果对新环境具有更高适应性的细胞在菌落中增殖，殖民地可能能够适应新环境。
Symbiosis with zooxanthellae (symbiotic dinoflagellates) and high capacities for clonal reproduction and regeneration are important life history traits of reef-building corals. This chapter reviews the life history of reef-building corals and the symbiotic relationships between corals and their algal symbionts and discusses possible collaborative defense systems against environmental stresses as well as mechanisms of adaptation to environmental changes in coral-zooxanthella symbiotic systems. Most corals associate with one main type of symbiont, although minor or cryptic symbiont types are often detected within a colony. The association between the coral host and algal symbiont appears to be stable, and the original symbiont often returns when corals recover from bleaching. Some corals, such as the massive Porites, exhibit high fidelity to certain types of algal symbionts and still have high stress tolerance as well as long life spans suggesting the possibility that stem cells and algal symbiont cells in such long-lived colonies accumulate mutations; in turn, if cells with a higher fitness for a new environment proliferate within a colony, the colony may be able to adapt to the new environment.