Migration and wintering of a declining seabird, the thick-billed murre Uria lomvia, on an ocean basin scale: Conservation implications
Migration and wintering of a declining seabird, the thick-billed murre Uria lomvia, on an ocean basin scale: Conservation implications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.011
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Thorarinsson, Thorkell L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frederiksen, Morten;Descamps, Sebastien;Thorarinsson, Thorkell L.
远洋海鸟在非繁殖期面临一系列潜在威胁，要大规模有效管理这些威胁，就需要了解哪些种群在哪里过冬。厚嘴海雀（Uria lomvia）是这一保护挑战的象征，因为它们在北极周围广泛繁殖，而大西洋的许多种群数量正在下降。海鲈面临的威胁包括狩猎、石油泄漏、误捕和影响猎物可用性的海洋变化。以前的知识迁移途径是不够的，以估计各种越冬种群的组成。我们整理了来自加拿大，格陵兰岛，冰岛，斯瓦尔巴特群岛和挪威大陆的18个殖民地的320只海鼠的跟踪数据（基于光的地理定位）。数据结合繁殖种群计数，估计越冬种群的大小和组成。主要的越冬地区是在纽芬兰和拉布拉多、西格陵兰和冰岛周围。冬季地区与高，低北冰洋制度之间的界面。越冬区和繁殖种群状况之间有很强的对应关系：在加拿大和格陵兰西北部繁殖的稳定种群主要在加拿大越冬，而斯瓦尔巴群岛和冰岛的下降种群主要在西格陵兰和冰岛周围越冬。许多种群使用不同的繁殖后区域，大概是换羽;其中一些地区以前是未知的。在某些种群中，雌性比雄性更早向南迁移的趋势很明显，当它们离开殖民地时，雄性会伴随着不会飞的雏鸟。我们的研究提供了一个重要的例子，说明迫切需要对海鸟等脆弱的迁徙物种进行协调的跨洋管理。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Pelagic seabirds are exposed to an array of potential threats during the non-breeding period, and effective management of these threats on a large scale requires knowledge of which populations winter where. Thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) are emblematic of this conservation challenge, since they breed widely in the circumpolar Arctic, with many declining populations in the Atlantic. Threats facing murres include hunting, oil spills, bycatch and oceanic change influencing prey availability. Previous knowledge of migration pathways was insufficient to estimate the composition of various wintering populations. We collated tracking data (light-based geolocation) of 320 murres from 18 colonies in Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard and mainland Norway. Data were combined with breeding population counts to estimate the size and composition of wintering populations. The main wintering areas were off Newfoundland and Labrador, off West Greenland, and around Iceland. Winter areas were associated with the interface between High and Low Arctic ocean regimes. There was strong correspondence between wintering area and breeding population status: stable populations breeding in Canada and Northwest Greenland wintered mainly off Canada, whereas declining populations from Svalbard and Iceland wintered mainly off West Greenland and around Iceland. Many populations used distinct post-breeding areas, presumably for moulting; some of these areas were previously unknown. In some populations, there was a clear tendency for females to migrate south earlier than males, which accompany flightless fledglings when they leave the colony. Our study provides a key example of the urgency of coordinated, transoceanic management of vulnerable migratory species such as seabirds. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.