Pathogenesis and Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Intestine, Liver, and Pancreas.
Pathogenesis and Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Intestine, Liver, and Pancreas.
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作者：
The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, rapidly spread worldwide, causing an ongoing global pandemic. While the respiratory system is the most common site of infection, a significant number of reported cases indicate gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. GI symptoms include anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Although the mechanisms of GI pathogenesis are still being examined, viral components isolated from stool samples of infected patients suggest a potential fecal–oral transmission route. In addition, viral RNA has been detected in blood samples of infected patients, making hematologic dissemination of the virus a proposed route for GI involvement. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors serve as the cellular entry mechanism for the virus, and these receptors are particularly abundant throughout the GI tract, making the intestine, liver, and pancreas potential extrapulmonary sites for infection and reservoirs sites for developing mutations and new variants that contribute to the uncontrolled spread of the disease and resistance to treatments. This transmission mechanism and the dysregulation of the immune system play a significant role in the profound inflammatory and coagulative cascades that contribute to the increased severity and risk of death in several COVID-19 patients. This article reviews various potential mechanisms of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic injury.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Bonaffini, Pietro Andrea;Franco, Paolo Niccolo;Bonanomi, Alice;Giaccherini, Cinzia;Valle, Clarissa;Marra, Paolo;Norsa, Lorenzo;Marchetti, Marina;Falanga, Anna;Sironi, Sandro
通讯作者：
Sironi, Sandro
DOI：
10.1159/000515841
发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie
影响因子：
--
作者：
Richter E;Al Arashi D;Schulte B;Bode C;Marx B;Aldabbagh S;Schlüter C;Kümmerer BM;Oldenburg J;Funk MB;Putensen C;Schmithausen RM;Hartmann G;Eis-Hübinger A;Streeck H
通讯作者：
Streeck H
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Ackermann, Maximilian;Verleden, Stijn E.;Jonigk, Danny
通讯作者：
Jonigk, Danny
影响因子：
12.4
作者：
Agrati, Chiara;Sacchi, Alessandra;Ippolito, Giuseppe
通讯作者：
Ippolito, Giuseppe
影响因子：
13.5
作者：
Chau, TN;Lee, KC;Lai, CL
通讯作者：
Lai, CL