Late Holocene Liquefaction at Sites of Contemporary Liquefaction during the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence, New Zealand
Late Holocene Liquefaction at Sites of Contemporary Liquefaction during the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence, New Zealand
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2010-2011 年新西兰坎特伯雷地震序列期间当代液化地点的全新世晚期液化
DOI：
10.1785/0120150166
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
David Jacobson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Bastin;K. Bassett;M. Quigley;B. Maurer;R. Green;B. Bradley;David Jacobson
摘要2010-2011年坎特伯雷地震序列（CES）在坎特伯雷东部的高敏感地点造成了多达10次液化，导致土地和基础设施严重受损。在两个研究区域的五个地点进行的地下调查显示，CES堤坝和岩床与CES前液化特征对齐并横切，包括堤坝、侧岩床、砂泡和掩埋的复合砂吹。交叉关系结合碳14（14 C）测年将CES前液化特征的时间限制在可能的公元后。1321年和1960年前在一个研究领域。第二个研究区域的CES前特征可能形成于三个不同的时期：公元后。公元1458年，也可能是公元1297年至1901年之间的1901年谢维奥地震，以及公元前1458.通过反算的震级界限曲线和使用新西兰特定地面运动预测方程近似的峰值地面加速度（PGA）来评估更广泛的坎特伯雷地区内已知活动断层的液化潜力，并与全球液化触发阈值进行比较。分析表明，北坎特伯雷和离岸50 km范围内的许多活动断层能够触发Mw>6.5的地震，有可能导致广泛的液化。这些断层的破裂可能形成了CES前的液化特征。结合反算的方法与模拟PGA证明有效的确定能够触发液化的活动断层在研究地点，因此能够触发液化在未来。在线资料：概述和进一步讨论概率震级界限方法框架和导数曲线、沉积物单元描述和峰值地面加速度（PGA）表。
Abstract The 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES) caused up to 10 episodes of liquefaction at highly susceptible sites in eastern Canterbury, resulting in severe damage to land and infrastructure. Subsurface investigations at five sites over two study areas revealed CES dikes and sills that align with and crosscut pre‐CES liquefaction features, including dikes, a lateral sill, a sandblister, and a buried compound sandblow. Crosscutting relationships combined with carbon‐14 ( 14 C) dating constrain the timing of the pre‐CES liquefaction features to likely post‐A.D. 1321 and pre‐1960 in one study area. Pre‐CES features in the second study area likely formed in three distinct episodes: post‐A.D. 1458 and possibly during the 1901 Cheviot earthquake, between A.D. 1297 and 1901, and pre‐A.D. 1458. The liquefaction potential of known active faults within the wider Canterbury region are evaluated from back‐calculated magnitude‐bound curves and peak ground acceleration (PGA) approximated using a New Zealand‐specific ground‐motion prediction equation and compared with global liquefaction triggering thresholds. Analysis indicates that many active faults within North Canterbury and offshore that are within 50 km of the study sites and capable of triggering M w >6.5 earthquakes have the potential to cause widespread liquefaction. Ruptures of these faults may have formed the pre‐CES liquefaction features. Combining the backcalculation approach with the modeled PGA proves effective in determining the active faults capable of triggering liquefaction at the study sites and are therefore capable of triggering liquefaction in the future. Online Material: Overview and further discussion of the probabilistic magnitude‐bound methodology framework and derivative curves, description of sediment units, and table of peak ground acceleration (PGA).