Mother Earth, Mother City: Abjection and the Anthropocene
Mother Earth, Mother City: Abjection and the Anthropocene
复制标题
地球母亲、城市母亲：落魄与人类世
作者：
Janell Watson
如果“人类世”一词指的是人类物种对其陆地栖息地的全球影响，那么它的到来深刻地改变了长期占据西方哲学的一些关系：人与动物之间的关系;人与自然之间的关系;以及人与技术之间的关系。人类不仅改变了地球的生物学，而且改变了地球的地质学，这一可能性将物质世界推到了最前沿。世纪中期的欧陆哲学几乎完全忽视了物质世界的物质性，只关注语言和政治。正如米歇尔·塞雷斯（Michel Serres）在1990年所说：“我们的非宇宙哲学，到现在为止，已经有将近半个世纪的时间，一直在讨论语言或政治，写作或逻辑”（1995 b，29）。Serres观察到，技术人员和科学家创造了一个新世界，而哲学家却表现得好像他们仍然生活在旧世界中（2001，4）。到保罗·克鲁岑和尤金·F. Stoermer在2000年正式引入了“人类世”一词（Crutzen和Steffen，2003年），Serres为新的人类主导的科技世界发展了一种哲学。诚然，由于面向对象的哲学和各种新唯物主义，物理世界在大陆哲学中重新出现，但Serres是第一个将人类对物理和生物地球的影响纳入哲学问题的人之一（2014，63）。他很可能是第一个发展污染哲学的人。Serres抱怨说，柏拉图是为数不多的几个提到碎屑的西方哲学家之一，他将残渣和废物排除在形而上学之外（2001，185）。垃圾、大气排放物和有毒废物
If the term “Anthropocene” designates the global influence of the human species over its terrestrial habitat, then its arrival profoundly changes a number of relations that have long occupied Western philosophy: that between humans and animals; between humans and nature; and between humans and their technologies. The possibility that humans have transformed not only the biology but also the geology of the earth brings to the forefront the physical world, whose corporeal materiality was all but ignored by mid-twentieth-century continental philosophy, focused almost exclusively on language and politics. As Michel Serres put it in 1990, “Our a-cosmic philosophies, for almost half a century now, have been holding forth only on language or politics, writing or logic” (1995b, 29). Technicians and scientists have created a new world, observes Serres, while philosophers act as if they still live in the old one (2001, 4). By the time Paul Crutzen and Eugene F. Stoermer formally introduced the term “Anthropocene” in 2000 (Crutzen and Steffen, 2003), Serres had developed a philosophy for the new human-dominated techno-scientific world. It is true that the physical world has in the meanwhile reappeared in continental philosophy thanks to object-oriented philosophy and various new materialisms, but Serres was among the first to formulate into a philosophical question the human impact on the physical and biological earth (2014, 63). He may well have been the very first to develop a philosophy of pollution. Serres complains that Plato, one of the few Western philosophers to even mention detritus, excludes residue and waste from metaphysics (2001, 185). Garbage, atmospheric emissions, and toxic waste not