Protocol of triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) microspore culture
Protocol of triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) microspore culture
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小黑麦 (x Triticosecale Wittmack) 小孢子培养方案
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-017-1293-4_20
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Puolimatka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Pauk;R. Mihály;T. Monostori;M. Puolimatka
小黑麦 (xTriticosecaleWittmack) 是一种自发合成的双倍体谷物，通过育种得到了显着改进。目前全世界种植小黑麦的面积约为 200 万公顷。初期阶段结束后，匈牙利的 Árpád Kiss 于 20 世纪 50 年代初开始了对小黑麦的深入育种研究。如今，欧洲小黑麦育种中心在波兰。波兰育种者推出了表现良好的优秀品种，尤其是在欧洲。自从Wanget al.(1973)诱导第一个小黑麦花药培养衍生的单倍体植株以来，花药培养方法已经得到了本质上的修改和改进。理论上，两种体外细胞和组织培养方法可用于诱导雄激素发生：花药和小孢子培养。花药培养法似乎比较费力。混合器分离方案提供了足够数量的小孢子以避免花药分离的必要性。在谷物中，较早建立了大麦（Olsen，1991）和小麦（Ziauddinet al.，1992）的微混合分离，证实了其潜力。本协议描述了搅拌机分离的小黑麦小孢子的体外过程，导致从小孢子衍生的胚胎样结构 (ELS) 产生双单倍体系。在分离的小黑麦小孢子中观察到胚胎发生。这种现象也发生在其他谷物的小孢子培养中。从ELS可以再生绿色植物，但白化病仍然是小黑麦小孢子培养的典型问题。根据基因型的不同，超过一半的再生体可能是白化病。
Triticale (xTriticosecaleWittmack) is a spontaneous synthetic amphiploid cereal that has been considerably improved through breeding. Triticale is currently grown on about 2 million hectares worldwide. After the initial period, intensive breeding research on triticale was started in the early 1950s by Árpád Kiss in Hungary. Nowadays, the centre of European triticale breeding is in Poland. Polish breeders released excellent varieties that have had a good performance, especially in Europe. Since the induction of the first triticale anther culture derived haploid plantlets by Wanget al.(1973), the method of anther culture has been essentially modified and improved. Theoretically, twoin vitrocell and tissue culture methods are used to induce androgenesis: anther and microspore culture. The anther culture method seems to be more laborious. The blender isolation protocol provides a sufficient number of microspores to avoid the necessity for anther isolation. In cereals, microblending isolation was earlier established for barley (Olsen, 1991) and wheat (Ziauddinet al.,1992), confirming its potential. The present protocol describes anin vitroprocess for blender-isolated triticale microspores leading to doubled haploid lines from microspore derived embryo-like structures (ELS). Embryogenesis was observed in isolated triticale microspores. This phenomenon also occurs in microspore culture of other cereals. From the ELS green plants can be regenerated, but albinism is still a typical problem of triticale microspore culture. Depending on the genotype, more than half of the regenerants may be albino.