Stay the course: maintenance of consistent orientation by commuting penguins both underwater and at the water surface
Stay the course: maintenance of consistent orientation by commuting penguins both underwater and at the water surface
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DOI：
10.1007/s00227-023-04186-4
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发表时间：
2023-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Handrich，Yves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shiomi，Kozue;Sato，Katsufumi;Handrich，Yves
许多海洋脊椎动物在海洋中穿行数百公里以上。为了有效地实现这种长距离运动，在三维空间中保持方向的能力是必不可少的;然而，在大多数物种中，它仍然没有得到评估。在这项研究中，我们研究了进行长途觅食的企鹅的轴承分布，并比较其轴承之间的一致性水下和水面，以及夜间和白天，量化他们的定向能力。研究对象是来自克罗泽群岛Possession Island（46°25′S，51°45′E; 2011年1月至3月）的国王企鹅Aptenodytes patagonicus，在潜水和水面上，当往返于它们的主要觅食区南极极锋时，它们的承重一致性都很高。他们的轴承一致性特别高，在浅潜水期间和之后，无论一天中的时间。与此同时，它们的方位在深潜期间和之后往往会发生变化，特别是在行程的中间，可能是由于水下觅食运动。然而，在通勤阶段的深潜的总体方向是类似的浅潜和潜水后在水面的时期。这些发现表明，王企鹅在一天中的任何时候都采用在水下和水面上同样可靠的罗盘机制。这种定向能力似乎使他们能够在强烈的时间限制下实现长途旅行。需要进一步研究其他潜水脊椎动物的细尺度轴承分布，以更好地了解在海洋环境中的运动策略。
Many marine vertebrates traverse more than hundreds of kilometres of the ocean. To efficiently achieve such long-distance movements, the ability to maintain orientation in a three-dimensional space is essential; however, it remains unevaluated in most species. In this study, we examined the bearing distributions of penguins undertaking long-distance foraging trips and compared their bearing consistency between underwater and at the water surface, as well as between night and day, to quantify their orientation ability. The subject species, king penguins,Aptenodytes patagonicus, from Possession Island, Crozet archipelago (46°25′S, 51°45′E; January to March 2011), showed high bearing consistency both during dives and at the water surface whilst commuting towards/from their main foraging area, the Antarctic polar front. Their bearing consistency was particularly high during and after shallow dives, irrespective of the time of day. Meanwhile, their bearings tended to vary during and after deep dives, particularly in the middle of the trip, probably owing to underwater foraging movements. However, the overall directions of deep dives during the commuting phases were similar to those of shallow dives and post-dive periods at the water surface. These findings indicate that king penguins employ compass mechanism(s) that are equivalently reliable both underwater and at the water surface, at any time of the day. This orientation ability appears to enable them to achieve long-distance trips under strong temporal constraints. Further studies on the fine-scale bearing distributions of other diving vertebrates are needed to better understand movement strategies in marine environments.