Properties of pedestrians walking in line. II. Stepping behavior.
Properties of pedestrians walking in line. II. Stepping behavior.
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DOI：
10.1103/physreve.86.046111
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发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Jelic;C. Appert-Rolland;S. Lemercier;J. Pettré
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Jelic;C. Appert-Rolland;S. Lemercier;J. Pettré
在人群中，个体之间的相互作用产生了各种各样自组织的集体运动，这些运动有助于群体有效地解决协调问题。然而，人们仍然不完全清楚人类是如何在局部调整自身行为的，也不清楚这对涌现出的组织有哪些直接影响。调整个体运动的潜在机制之一是步行动力学。在本文中，我们首次对在可控实验室条件下研究的一维行人流中的步行动作进行了定量分析。我们发现步长与行人的速度成正比，且与行人前方的可用空间直接相关，而步长持续时间的变化则小得多。这与对孤立行人进行的运动研究形成对比，并表明局部密度对步行动作特征有直接影响。此外，我们研究了同步行走（齐步走）现象，并展示了其对流量密度的依赖性。我们表明，在高密度情况下，步长的同步尤为重要，这对研究拥堵情况下行人流量的优化有直接影响。然而，在极低密度情况下也发现了小的同步和反同步效应，在这种情况下，连续的行人之间不存在空间限制，这表明了根据感知到的视觉信号进行同步的自然倾向。
In human crowds, interactions among individuals give rise to a variety of self-organized collective motions that help the group to effectively solve the problem of coordination. However, it is still not known exactly how humans adjust their behavior locally, nor what are the direct consequences on the emergent organization. One of the underlying mechanisms of adjusting individual motions is the stepping dynamics. In this paper, we present first quantitative analysis on the stepping behavior in a one-dimensional pedestrian flow studied under controlled laboratory conditions. We find that the step length is proportional to the velocity of the pedestrian, and is directly related to the space available in front of him, while the variations of the step duration are much smaller. This is in contrast with locomotion studies performed on isolated pedestrians and shows that the local density has a direct influence on the stepping characteristics. Furthermore, we study the phenomena of synchronization-walking in lock step-and show its dependence on flow densities. We show that the synchronization of steps is particularly important at high densities, which has direct impact on the studies of optimizing pedestrians' flow in congested situations. However, small synchronization and antisynchronization effects are found also at very low densities, for which no steric constraints exist between successive pedestrians, showing the natural tendency to synchronize according to perceived visual signals.