Tissue kerma vs distance relationships for initial nuclear radiation from the atomic devices detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Tissue kerma vs distance relationships for initial nuclear radiation from the atomic devices detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki
复制标题
广岛和长崎上空爆炸的原子装置初始核辐射的组织比释动能与距离关系
DOI：
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. H. Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Kerr;J. V. Pace;W. H. Scott
初始核辐射包括核装置爆炸产生的瞬发中子和瞬发一次伽马、环境中中子相互作用产生的瞬发二次伽马以及核装置爆炸后形成的火球产生的缓发中子和缓发裂变产物伽马。在建立组织比释动能与距离的关系时必须考虑这些不同的成分，这种关系描述了广岛和长崎初始核辐射随距离的减少。使用科学应用公司开发的NUIDEA程序研究了来自缓发裂变产物γ和缓发中子的地面组织比释动能。这个代码包含了非常详细的模型，可以考虑到这样的功能，如火球的上升，裂变产物的快速放射性衰变，以及爆炸对大气的扰动。将讨论通过对这些当前最先进的计算结果求和获得的组织比释动能与距离的关系。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，在广岛和长崎引爆的原子（或纯裂变）装置的情况下，瞬时次级γ和延迟裂变产物γ是初始核辐射的总组织比释动能的主要成分。
Initial nuclear radiation is comprised of prompt neutrons and prompt primary gammas from an exploding nuclear device, prompt secondary gammas produced by neutron interactions in the environment, and delayed neutrons and delayed fission-product gammas from the fireball formed after the nuclear device explodes. These various components must all be considered in establishing tissue kerma vs distance relationships which describe the decrease of initial nuclear radiation with distance in Hiroshima and in Nagasaki. The tissue kerma at ground evel from delayed fission-product gammas and delayed neutrons was investigated using the NUIDEA code developed by Science Applications, Inc. This code incorporates very detailed models which can take into account such features as the rise of the fireball, the rapid radioactive decay of fission products in it, and the perturbation of the atmosphere by the explosion. Tissue kerma vs distance relationships obtained by summing results of these current state-of-the-art calculations will be discussed. Our results clearly show that the prompt secondary gammas and delayed fission-product gammas are the dominant components of total tissue kerma from initial nuclear radiation in the cases of the atomic (or pure-fission) devices detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki.