Drosophila spermatid individualization is sensitive to temperature and fatty acid metabolism.
Drosophila spermatid individualization is sensitive to temperature and fatty acid metabolism.
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DOI：
10.1080/21565562.2015.1006089
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发表时间：
2015-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Steinhauer J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ben-David G;Miller E;Steinhauer J
脂肪酸是有效脂质信号分子的前体。它们储存在膜磷脂中并由磷脂酶 A2 (PLA2) 释放。溶血磷脂酰基转移酶 (AT) 通过将脂肪酸重新酯化为磷脂来对抗 PLA2，这一生化途径称为 Lands 循环。果蝇 Lands Cycle AT oys 和 nes 以及 7 个预测的 PLA2 基因在雄性生殖道中表达。 Oys 和 Nes 是精子细胞个体化所必需的。个体化发生在终末分化后，将每个精子细胞置于其自己的质膜中并去除大部分细胞质内容物。我们开发了一种定量测定法来测量个体化缺陷。我们证明个体化对温度和年龄敏感，但对饮食不敏感。将脂肪酸代谢为前列腺素的环氧合酶 Pxt 的突变也会导致个体化缺陷。相比之下，通过磷脂酰胆碱脂肪酶瑞士奶酪 (Sws) 或乙醇胺激酶易休克 (Eas) 的突变来调节磷脂水平不会扰乱个体化，也不会扰乱 Sws 的过度表达。我们的结果表明，脂肪酸衍生的信号（例如前列腺素）是精子发生的重要调节剂，其丰度受土地循环调节。
Fatty acids are precursors of potent lipid signaling molecules. They are stored in membrane phospholipids and released by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (ATs) oppose PLA2 by re-esterifying fatty acids into phospholipids, in a biochemical pathway known as the Lands Cycle. Drosophila Lands Cycle ATs oys and nes, as well as 7 predicted PLA2 genes, are expressed in the male reproductive tract. Oys and Nes are required for spermatid individualization. Individualization, which occurs after terminal differentiation, invests each spermatid in its own plasma membrane and removes the bulk of the cytoplasmic contents. We developed a quantitative assay to measure individualization defects. We demonstrate that individualization is sensitive to temperature and age but not to diet. Mutation of the cyclooxygenase Pxt, which metabolizes fatty acids to prostaglandins, also leads to individualization defects. In contrast, modulating phospholipid levels by mutation of the phosphatidylcholine lipase Swiss cheese (Sws) or the ethanolamine kinase Easily shocked (Eas) does not perturb individualization, nor does Sws overexpression. Our results suggest that fatty acid derived signals such as prostaglandins, whose abundance is regulated by the Lands Cycle, are important regulators of spermatogenesis.