Rab family of GTPases.
Rab family of GTPases.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-2569-8_1
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marlin MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li G;Marlin MC
Rab蛋白是类ras小GTPase超家族中最大的分支，在人类基因组中有66个Rab基因。在鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子（gef）和gtpase激活蛋白（gap）的促进下，它们在GTP和gdp结合状态之间交替，并在所有真核细胞中作为调节细胞膜内运输的分子开关。每个Rab靶向一个细胞器，并指定沿胞外、内吞和再循环途径的运输步骤以及这些途径之间的串扰。通过与多种效应物的短暂相互作用，Rab可以控制膜出芽和运输囊泡的形成，囊泡沿着细胞骨架运动以及靶室的膜融合。大量的Rab蛋白反映了细胞内运输系统的复杂性，这对于膜和分泌蛋白（如激素、生长因子及其膜受体）的定位和功能至关重要。因此，rabb蛋白已成为信号转导、细胞生长和分化的重要调节因子。Rab表达和/或活性的改变与从神经系统疾病、糖尿病到癌症等疾病有关。
Rab proteins represent the largest branch of the Ras-like small GTPase superfamily and there are 66 Rab genes in the human genome. They alternate between GTP- and GDP-bound states, which are facilitated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and function as molecular switches in regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking in all eukaryotic cells. Each Rab targets to an organelle and specify a transport step along exocytic, endocytic, and recycling pathways as well as the crosstalk between these pathways. Through interactions with multiple effectors temporally, a Rab can control membrane budding and formation of transport vesicles, vesicle movement along cytoskeleton, and membrane fusion at the target compartment. The large number of Rab proteins reflects the complexity of the intracellular transport system, which is essential for the localization and function of membrane and secretory proteins such as hormones, growth factors, and their membrane receptors. As such, Rab proteins have emerged as important regulators for signal transduction, cell growth, and differentiation. Altered Rab expression and/or activity have been implicated in diseases ranging from neurological disorders, diabetes to cancer.