Boon and bane of 60 GHz networks: practical insights into beamforming, interference, and frame level operation
Boon and bane of 60 GHz networks: practical insights into beamforming, interference, and frame level operation
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DOI：
10.1145/2716281.2836102
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发表时间：
2015-12
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Thomas Nitsche;Guillermo Bielsa;Irene Tejado;Adrian Loch;J. Widmer
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文献类型：
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作者：
Thomas Nitsche;Guillermo Bielsa;Irene Tejado;Adrian Loch;J. Widmer
目前用于60 GHz无线网络的消费级设备的性能有限。虽然这样的网络承诺高数据速率和简单的空间复用，我们发现，基于WiHD和WiGig标准的商用设备可能会受到其成本效益的设计。在基于IEEE 802.11ad标准的即将到来的设备中使用非常类似的机制。因此，了解它们对于提高下一代毫米波网络的效率和性能至关重要。在本文中，我们提出了第一个深入的波束成形，干扰和帧级协议分析现成的毫米波系统与相控天线阵列。我们关注（a）由于消费级天线缺乏方向性而引起的干扰，以及（B）当前设备的数据聚合程度。关于（a），我们的波束方向图测量显示出强旁瓣，这挑战了60 GHz网络中高空间重用的常见概念。我们还表明，在现实环境中的反射恶化这种效果。此外，我们测量弱方向性时，波束成形朝向天线阵列的传输区域的边界。关于（B），我们观察到，如果连接需要高带宽，则设备仅聚合数据，从而增加介质使用时间。
The performance of current consumer-grade devices for 60 GHz wireless networks is limited. While such networks promise both high data rates and uncomplicated spatial reuse, we find that commercially available devices based on the WiHD and WiGig standards may suffer from their cost-effective design. Very similar mechanisms are used in upcoming devices based on the IEEE 802.11ad standard. Hence, understanding them well is crucial to improve the efficiency and performance of next generation millimeter wave networks. In this paper, we present the first in-depth beamforming, interference, and frame level protocol analysis of off-the-shelf millimeter wave systems with phased antenna arrays. We focus on (a) the interference due to the lack of directionality of consumer-grade antennas, and (b) the degree of data aggregation of current devices. Regarding (a), our beam pattern measurements show strong side lobes that challenge the common conception of high spatial reuse in 60 GHz networks. We also show that reflections in realistic settings worsen this effect. Further, we measure weak directionality when beamforming towards the boundary of the transmission area of an antenna array. Regarding (b), we observe that devices only aggregate data if connections require high bandwidth, thus increasing medium usage time otherwise.