How can electronics industries become green manufacturers in Taiwan and Japan
How can electronics industries become green manufacturers in Taiwan and Japan
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DOI：
10.1007/s10098-010-0284-6
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Chen, Wei-Lin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chiang, Shih-Yuan;Wei, Chiu-Chi;Chen, Wei-Lin
世界领先国家已经就环境保护的必要性达成共识，许多国际环境保护规则和规定已经得到实施。其中，欧盟立法限制在电气和电子设备(RoHS)、废弃电子电气设备(WEEE)和用能产品的生态设计(EuP)中使用某些危险物质，迫使电子行业在产品设计和制造中纳入废物处理考虑因素，以利于环境保护。因此，本研究以ISO 14000环境管理体系的ISO 14031环境绩效评估标准为评估框架，探讨在电子行业推行无铅制造时，影响环境绩效的因素类型及其重要性程度。本研究对台湾和日本这两个全球领先的电子产品制造中心的行业专家、学者和政府官员进行了问卷调查，采用德尔菲法提取评估指标，并使用层次分析(AHP)方法分析指标的相对重要性。结果表明，无铅替代材料的选择、土壤重金属污染、环境法律法规合规性是衡量无铅制造环境绩效的三个重要指标。因此，未来相关行业在采用无铅制造时，首先应建立基本的工艺技术，还应考虑所在行业的工艺特点和替代材料的适宜性。为了遵守法律法规，减少污染排放，这些行业应该在废物和废水处理方面与政府合作。此外，除了执行环境政策和检测标准外，政府还可以通过向行业提供援助、专门培训和激励措施，促进环境保护政策的实现，并帮助节约企业资源。
The world's leading countries have reached a consensus concerning the need for environmental protection, and many international environmental protection rules and regulations have been implemented. Of these, the EU-legislated Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS), Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and Eco-design of Energy-using Products (EuP) compel the electronics industry to incorporate waste disposal considerations in product design and manufacturing in order to benefit the environment. This study accordingly employed the ISO 14000 environmental management family's ISO 14031 environmental performance evaluation (EPE) standards as an assessment framework, and investigated the types of factors influencing environmental performance, and their level of importance, when the electronics industry implements lead-free manufacturing. The study conducted a questionnaire survey of industry experts, scholars, and government officers in Taiwan and Japan-which constitute two of the world's leading electronics product manufacturing centers-employing the Delphi method to extract assessment indicators, and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to analyze indicators' relative levels of importance. The results showed that the choice of lead-free substitute materials, soil heavy metal pollution, and compliance with environmental laws and regulations are the three important indicators of the environmental performance of lead-free manufacturing. As a consequence, when relevant industries adopt lead-free manufacturing in the future, they should first establish basic process technology, and also take their industries' process characteristics and the suitability of substitute materials into consideration. In order to maintain compliance with laws and regulations, and to reduce pollution emissions, such industries should cooperate with government in connection with waste and wastewater treatment. In addition, apart from implementing environmental policies and testing standards, government can facilitate the realization of environmental protection policies and help conserve corporate resources by providing assistance, specialized training, and incentive measures to industry.